ÈæÀÎÀÇ ¿µÈ¥(The Souls of Black Folk)(1903) : Àª¸®¾ö µàº¸À̽º(W. E. B. Du Bois)°¡ ¹é³âµµ ³Ñ´Â 1903³â ¹ßÇ¥ÇÑ ÈæÀÎÀÇ ¿µÈ¥(The Souls of Black Folk)(1903)Àº ´ç´ëÀÇ ÈæÀÎ Áö½ÄÀÎÀ¸·Î½á ¡®ÀÎÁ¾ Â÷º°À» ÇØ°áÇÏ´Â ÀÌ·ÐÀû Åä´ë°¡ µÇ¾ú´Ù´Â Æò°¡¸¦ ¹Þ´Â ¿ªÀÛ¡¯ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±×´Â ´Ü¼øÈ÷ ¿¬±¸³í¹®¸¸ ¹ßÇ¥ÇÑ ÇÐÀÚ¸¦ ³Ñ¾î¼, ±× ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ Á÷Á¢ ³ªÀ̾ư¡¶ó ¿îµ¿(Niagara Movement), Àü¹Ì À¯»öÀÎ ÁöÀ§ Çâ»ó Çùȸ(îïÚ¸ýÙìÑò¢êÈú¾ß¾úðüå, National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, NAACP)(1909) ¼³¸³, ¹ü¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«ÁÖÀÇ(Pan-Africanism) Á¦¾È µîÀ» ÅëÇØ ÈæÀεéÀÇ ¿¬´ë¸¦ µµ¸ðÇÏ°í, À̸¦ ¹ÙÅÁÀ¸·Î ÈæÀÎÇعæÀ» ½ÇõÇÏ°íÀÚ ³ë·ÂÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. ±×°¡ ¹ÌÄ£ ¸·´ëÇÑ ¿µÇâ¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸ÇÏ°í, ¸¶Æ¾ ·çÅÍ Å· ÁִϾî(Martin Luther King, Jr.) ¸ñ»ç³ª ºÎÄ¿ T. ¿ö½ÌÅÏ(Booker T. Washington) µî°ú °°Àº ÈæÀÎ Àαǿ°¡¿¡ ºñÇØ »ó´ëÀûÀ¸·Î ´ú ¾Ë·ÁÁø ÀÌÀ¯´Â ±×°¡ ¸»³â¿¡ ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä« °¡³ª ±¹ÀûÀ» ÃëµæÇÏ¿©, ¹Ì±¹ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ °¡³ª¿¡¼ °¡³ª ±¹ÀûÀ¸·Î »ç¸ÁÇÏ¿´±â ¶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±¹³»¿¡ ¹ø¿ªº»À¸·Î Ãâ°£µÈ ±×ÀÇ Àú¼´Â ´Ï±×·Î(THE NEGRO) ´Ü ÇѱÇÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Å׸¶¿©Çà½Å¹® TTN Korea ¿µ¾î°íÀü(English Classics)°ú ÇÔ²² ¾îÁ¦µµ, ¿À´Ãµµ, ³»Àϵµ ¸ÚÁø ¹®Çп©ÇàÀ»! B
¡°How shall Integrity face Oppression? What shall Honesty do in the face of Deception, Decency in the face of Insult, Self-Defense before Blows? How shall Desert and Accomplishment meet Despising, Detraction, and Lies? What shall Virtue do to meet Brute Force? There are so many answers and so contradictory; and such differences for those on the one hand who meet questions similar to this once a year or once a decade, and those who face them hourly and daily.¡±
"Á¤Ã¼¼ºÀÌ ¾ï¾Ð¿¡ ¾î¶»°Ô Á÷¸éÇØ¾ß ÇÒ±î¿ä? Á¤Á÷Àº ¼ÓÀÓ¼ö, ¸ð¿å¿¡ Á÷¸éÇÏ´Â Ç°À§, ÁÖ¸Ô Ä¡±â Àü¿¡ Á¤´ç¹æÀ§¿¡ Á÷¸éÇÏ¿© ¹«¾ùÀ» ÇØ¾ß ÇÒ±î¿ä? »ç¸·°ú ¼ºÃë´Â °æ¸ê, Æı«, °ÅÁþ¸»À» ¾î¶»°Ô ÃæÁ·½Ãų±î¿ä? ¹Ì´öÀº ¹«Â÷º°ÀûÀÎ ÈûÀ» ¸¸³ª·Á¸é ¾î¶»°Ô ÇØ¾ß ÇÒ±î¿ä? ´ë´äÀÌ ³Ê¹« ¸¹°í ¸ð¼øÀÌ ¸¹½À´Ï´Ù. ÇÑÆíÀ¸·Î 1³â¿¡ ÇÑ ¹ø ¶Ç´Â 10³â¿¡ ÇÑ ¹ø ÀÌ¿Í ºñ½ÁÇÑ Áú¹®À» ¸¸³ª´Â »ç¶÷µé°ú 1½Ã°£, 1ÀÏ¿¡ ÇÑ ¹ø¾¿ ¸¶ÁÖÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀ» À§ÇÑ ±×·± Â÷À̵µ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.¡°
ºÎÄ¿ T. ¿ö½ÌÅÏ(Booker T. Washington)(1856~1915)ÀÇ ¿Â°Ç³ë¼± VS µàº¸À̽ºÀÇ ³ªÀ̾ư¡¶ó ¿îµ¿(Niagara Movement) : ¹Ì±¹ ³»¿¡¼ÀÇ ÈæÀÎÇعæ¿îµ¿Àº ½Ã´ë¿¡ µû¶ó °¢±â ´Ù¸¥ Àι°¿¡ ÀÇÇØ º¯È¿¡ º¯È¸¦ °ÅµìÇÏ¸ç ¹ßÀüÇØ ¿Ô½À´Ï´Ù. ºÎÄ¿ T. ¿ö½ÌÅÏ(Booker T. Washington)(1856~1915)Àº ÈæÀÎ ³ë¿¹ Ãâ½Å À뱂 ¿îµ¿°¡·Î½á Àª¸®¾ö µàº¸À̽º(W. E. B. Du Bois)º¸´Ù 12³â ¿¬»óÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÀÚ¿¬½º·´°Ô µàº¸À̽ºº¸´Ù ¾Õ¼ ÈæÀεéÀÇ ±Ç¸® Çâ»óÀ» À§ÇØ ÅõÀïÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, ÀÌ °úÁ¤¿¡¼ ¹éÀÎ ¿ì¿ùÁÖÀǸ¦ ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏ¸é¼ ÈæÀÎÀÇ ½Ç¸®¸¦ Ãß±¸ÇÏ´Â Çö½ÇÁÖÀÇÀûÀÎ Á¢±Ù ¹æ¹ý – ¾ÆƲ¶õŸ ŸÇù¾È(Atlanta Compromise)À» ¼³°èÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. À̸¦ ÅëÇØ °¡³À¸·Î ÀÎÇØ ±³À°À» ¹ÞÁö ¸øÇÏ´ø ³²ºÎÀÇ ÈæÀÎ ÇлýµéÀÌ Àڱⰳ¹ßÀ» ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â Çб³¸¦ 5,000°÷ ÀÌ»ó °Ç¸³ÇÑ °ÍÀº ±×ÀÇ ÃÖ´ë ¾÷ÀûÀÌÁö¸¸, µàº¸À̽º¸¦ ºñ·ÔÇÑ ±ÞÁøÁÖÀÇÀÚ´Â ¹éÀÎÀÇ ÈæÀÎÁö¹è¸¦ ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏ¿´´Ù´Â ÀÌÀ¯·Î ºñÆÇÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù.
´õ ³ª¾Æ°¡ µàº¸À̽º´Â ¿ö½ÌÅÏ¿¡ ¹Ý´ëÇÏ´Â Àαǿ°¡¸¦ ¾ÆƲ¶õŸ ŸÇù¾È(Atlanta Compromise)¿¡ ¹Ý´ëÇÏ´Â ³ªÀ̾ư¡¶ó ¿îµ¿(Niagara Movement)À» ½ÃÀÛÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÇÁ·¹µå¸¯ L. ¸Æ±â(Fredrick L. McGhee), Á¦½Ã ¸Æ½º ¹Ù¹ö(Jesse Max Barber), Àª¸®¾ö ¸Õ·Î Æ®·ÎÅÍ(William Monroe Trotter) µî°ú ÇÔ²² 1906³â ³ªÀ̾ư¡¶ó ÆøÆ÷¿¡¼ ¸¸³µ´Ù ÇÏ¿©, À̸¦ ³ªÀ̾ư¡¶ó ¿îµ¿(Niagara Movement)À̶ó ĪÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¼±¾ð¹®À» °øµ¿À¸·Î ÁýÇÊÇÏ°í, ¹® ÀÏ·¯½ºÆ®·¹ÀÌƼµå À§Å¬¸®(Moon Illustrated Weekly)¸¦ â°£ÇØ ´ëÁߵ鿡 ¹èÆ÷ÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. ´õ ³ª¾Æ°¡ ÈæÀÎÇعæÀ» À§ÇÑ Àü¹Ì À¯»öÀÎ ÁöÀ§ Çâ»ó Çùȸ(îïÚ¸ýÙìÑò¢êÈú¾ß¾úðüå, National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, NAACP)(1909)ÀÇ Ã¢¸³À» ÁÖµµÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, ±â°üÁö À§±â(Crisis)ÀÇ ÆíÁýÀåÀ¸·Î½á È°¾àÇÏ¸ç ¡®¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«Àο¡ ÀÇÇÑ¡¯ ÀÌ·ÐÀû ¹è°æÀÎ ¹ü¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«ÁÖÀÇ(Pan-Africanism)À» Á¦Ã¢ÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. ¡®ÈæÀÎ ½º½º·Î ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«¸¦ ÅëÄ¡ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù¡¯´Â ¹ü¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«ÁÖÀÇ(Pan-Africanism)´Â ÈæÀα¹°¡ÀÇ Á¤Ä¡ÀεéÀÌ ´ë°Å Âü°¡ÇÑ ¹ü¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«È¸ÀǸ¦ ¿µÇâ·ÂÀ» È®´ëÇØ ³ª°¬À¸¸ç, Á¦1ȸ ȸÀÇ¿¡ Âü°¡ÇÑ µàº¸À̽ºÀÇ ÁÖÀåÀº Á¦±¹ÁÖÀÇ¿¡ ½ÅÀ½ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´ø ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä« Àü¿ªÀÇ Á¤Ä¡Àο¡°Ô Å« ¿µÇâÀ» ÁÖ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. µ¶¸³ÇÑ °¡³ªÀÇ ÃÊ´ë ´ëÅë·ÉÀ» ¿ªÀÓÇÑ Äâ¸Þ ÀºÅ©·ç¸¶(Kwame Nkrumah)(1909~1972)µµ ±× Áß¿¡ ÇѸíÀ¸·Î, ÀÌ´Â Èʳ¯ µàº¸À̽º°¡ °¡³ª ±¹ÀûÀ» ÃëµæÇÏ´Â Àο¬À¸·Î À̾îÁý´Ï´Ù.
¡°The equality in political, industrial and social life which modern men must have in order to live, is not to be confounded with sameness. On the contrary, in our case, it is rather insistence upon the right of diversity; - upon the right of a human being to be a man even if he does not wear the same cut of vest, the same curl of hair or the same color of skin. Human equality does not even entail, as it is sometimes said, absolute equality of opportunity; for certainly the natural inequalities of inherent genius and varying gift make this a dubious phrase. But there is more and more clearly recognized minimum of opportunity and maximum of freedom to be, to move and to think, which the modern world denies to no being which it recognizes as a real man.¡±
¡°Çö´ëÀÎÀÌ »ì±â À§ÇØ °®Ãç¾ß ÇÒ Á¤Ä¡, »ê¾÷, »çȸ»ýÈ°ÀÇ ÆòµîÀº µ¿Àϼº°ú È¥µ¿Çؼ´Â ¾È µË´Ï´Ù. ¹Ý´ë·Î, ¿ì¸®ÀÇ °æ¿ì, ´Ù¾ç¼ºÀÇ ±Ç¸®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÁÖÀåÀÔ´Ï´Ù; Àΰ£ÀÌ ºñ·Ï ¶È°°Àº Á¶³¢, °°Àº °ö½½¸Ó¸®, °°Àº ÇǺλöÀ» ÀÔÁö ¾Ê´õ¶óµµ, Àΰ£ÀÌ µÇ´Â ±Ç¸®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Àΰ£ÀÇ ÆòµîÀº ¶§¶§·Î ¸»ÇÏ´Â °Íó·³ ±âȸÀÇ Àý´ëÀûÀÎ ÆòµîÁ¶Â÷ ¼ö¹ÝÇÏÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù; Ÿ°í³ õÀ缺°ú ´Ù¾çÇÑ Àç´ÉÀÇ ÀÚ¿¬Àû ºÒÆòµîÀÌ È®½ÇÈ÷ ÀÌ°ÍÀ» Àǽɽº·¯¿î ±¸Àý·Î ¸¸µì´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª Çö´ë ¼¼°è´Â Á¡Á¡ ´õ ºÐ¸íÇÏ°Ô ÀÎÁ¤¹Þ´Â ÃÖ¼ÒÇÑÀÇ ±âȸ¿Í ÃÖ´ëÇÑÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯°¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Çö´ë°¡ ÁøÂ¥ Àΰ£À¸·Î ÀνÄÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ºÎÁ¤ÇÏ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.¡±
¸¶Æ¾ ·çÅÍ Å· ÁִϾî(Martin Luther King, Jr.)ÀÇ ³ª´Â ²ÞÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù(I have a Dream)(1963) : µà º¸À̽º°¡ ⸳ÇÑ Àü¹Ì À¯»öÀÎ ÁöÀ§ Çâ»ó Çùȸ(îïÚ¸ýÙìÑò¢êÈú¾ß¾úðüå, National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, NAACP)(1909)Àº ±×°¡ °¡³ª·Î ¶°³ ÀÌÈÄ¿¡µµ ÈæÀÎÇعæ¿îµ¿À» ¸ØÃßÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÀ¸¸ç, ¸¶Æ¾ ·çÅÍ Å· ÁִϾî(Martin Luther King, Jr.) ¸ñ»ç¶õ °ÉÃâÇÑ Àι°À» ¹èÃâÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. °ø±³·Ó°Ôµµ µà º¸À̽º°¡ »ç¸ÁÇÑ ±× ´ÙÀ½³¯, ±× À¯¸íÇÑ ¿¬¼³ - ¸¶Æ¾ ·çÅÍ Å· ÁִϾî(Martin Luther King, Jr.) ¸ñ»çÀÇ ³ª´Â ²ÞÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù(I have a Dream)°¡ ¹Ì±¹ ¸µÄÁ ±â³ä°ü(Lincoln Memorial)¿¡¼ ¹ßÇ¥µÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù.
-¸ñÂ÷(Index)-
ÇÁ·Ñ·Î±×(Prologue). Å׸¶¿©Çà½Å¹® TTN Korea ¿µ¾î°íÀü(English Classics) 101¼±À» Àоî¾ß ÇÏ´Â 7°¡Áö ÀÌÀ¯
12°¡Áö Å°¿öµå·Î Àд Àª¸®¾ö µàº¸À̽º(W. E. B. Du Bois) by Á¶¸íÈ ÆíÁýÀå
01. ¸µÄÁ ´ëÅë·É(President Lincoln)ÀÇ ÇØ¹æ ¼±¾ð(Emancipation Proclamation) ¼öÁ¤Çå¹ý Á¦13Á¶(13th Amendment)(1863)
02. ÇϹöµå´ë ÃÖÃÊÀÇ ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«°è ¹Ì±¹ÀΠöÇйڻç(Ph. D)(1868~1963)
03. ÈæÀÎÀÇ ¿µÈ¥(The Souls of Black Folk)(1903)
04. ºÎÄ¿ T. ¿ö½ÌÅÏ(Booker T. Washington)(1856~1915)ÀÇ ¾ÆƲ¶õŸ ŸÇù¾È(Atlanta Compromise) VS µàº¸À̽ºÀÇ ³ªÀ̾ư¡¶ó ¿îµ¿(Niagara Movement)
05. Àü¹ÌÀ¯»öÀÎÁöÀ§Çâ»óÇùȸ(îïÚ¸ýÙìÑò¢êÈú¾ß¾úðüå, National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, NAACP)(1909)
06. ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ ÈæÀÎÀ¸·Î ž, °¡³ª¿¡¼ ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«ÀÎÀ¸·Î Á×´Ù(1963)
07. ¸¶Æ¾ ·çÅÍ Å· ÁִϾî(Martin Luther King, Jr.)ÀÇ ³ª´Â ²ÞÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù(I have a Dream)(1963)
08. ¹Ì±¹ ¿ìÁ¤Ã»(USPS) ºí·¢ Ç츮ƼÁö ½ºÅÆÇÁ ½Ã¸®Áî(Black Heritage Stamp Series) ±â³ä¿ìÇ¥(1992, 1998)
09. 100¸íÀÇ À§´ëÇÑ ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«°è ¹Ì±¹ÀÎ(100 Greatest African Americans) ¼±Á¤(2002)
10. Àª¸®¾ö µàº¸À̽º(W. E. B. Du Bois)¸¦ ¸¸³ª´Â 7°÷
11. ¿Àµð¿ÀºÏ(Audio Books)À¸·Î µè´Â Àª¸®¾ö µàº¸À̽º(W. E. B. Du Bois)
12. Àª¸®¾ö µàº¸À̽º(W. E. B. Du Bois) ¾î·Ï(Quotes)(30)
Àª¸®¾ö µàº¸À̽ºÀÇ ÈæÀÎÀÇ ¿µÈ¥(The Souls of Black Folk by W. E. B. Du Bois)(1903)
The Forethought
I. Of Our Spiritual Strivings
II. Of the Dawn of Freedom
III. Of Mr. Booker T. Washington and Others
IV. Of the Meaning of Progress
V. Of the Wings of Atalanta
VI. Of the Training of Black Men
VII. Of the Black Belt
VIII. Of the Quest of the Golden Fleece
IX. Of the Sons of Master and Man
X. Of the Faith of the Fathers
XI. Of the Passing of the First-Born
XII. Of Alexander Crummell
XIII. Of the Coming of John
XIV. Of the Sorrow Songs
The Afterthought
ºÎ·Ï(Appendix). ¼¼°èÀÇ °íÀüÀ» ¿©ÇàÇÏ´Â È÷Ä¡ÇÏÀÌÄ¿¸¦ À§ÇÑ ¾È³»¼(The Hitchhiker's Guide to Worlds¡¯s Classics)
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Àª¸®¾ö µàº¸À̽º(W. E. B. Du Bois)
ÇϹöµå´ë ÃÖÃÊÀÇ ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«°è ¹Ì±¹ÀΠöÇйڻç(Ph. D)(1868~1963) : Àª¸®¾ö ¿¡µå¿öµå ¹ö°¡Æ® µàº¸À̽º(William Edward Burghardt Du Bois), Àª¸®¾ö µàº¸À̽º(W. E. B. Du Bois)´Â ¹Ì±¹ ¸Å»çÃß¼¼Ã÷ÁÖ(The Commonwealth of Massachusetts)¿¡¼ ¾ÆÀÌƼ Ãâ½ÅÀÇ ¾Æ¹öÁö ¾ÙÇÁ¸®µå µàº¸À̽º(Alfred Du Bois)¿Í ¸Þ¸® ½Çºñ³ª(Mary Silvina Burghardt) »çÀÌ¿¡¼ ž½À´Ï´Ù. °¡Á·À» ¹ö¸®°í ¶°³ ¾Æ¹öÁö¸¦ ±×¸®¿öÇϸç, ¾î¸Ó´Ï¿Í ÇÔ²² ÈæÀÎÀÌ ¸¹Áö ¾ÊÀº ±×·¹ÀÌÆ® ¹è¸µÅÏ(Great Barrington)¿¡¼ ¼ºÀåÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, ¿ì¼öÇÑ ¼ºÀûÀ¸·Î °íµîÇб³(Searles High School)¸¦ Á¹¾÷ÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. Áö¿ª ±³È¸ Church of Great Barrington¿¡¼ ÀåÇбÝÀ» ¸ð¾Æ ÁÖ¾úÀ¸¸ç, ÇǽºÅ© ´ëÇÐ(Fisk University)À» Á¹¾÷ÇÑ ÈÄ ÇϹöµå´ë(University of Harvard)¿¡ ÁøÇÐÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù.
ÇϹöµå´ë¿¡¼ 2¹ø° Çл縦 ¹ÞÀº ÈÄ µ¶ÀÏ º£¸¦¸° ´ëÇÐ(University of Berlin)À¸·Î À¯ÇÐÀ» °¬½À´Ï´Ù. ´Ù½Ã ÇϹöµå·Î µ¹¾Æ¿Í ¹Ú»ç¸¦ µý ÈÄ Åõ½ºÅ°Áö ¿¬±¸¼Ò(Tuskegee Institute;), Ææ½Çº£´Ï¾Æ ´ëÇÐ(University of Pennsylvania) Á¶±³¸¦ °ÅÃÄ ¾ÖƲ·£Å¸ ´ëÇÐ(Atlanta University) ±³¼ö·Î ÀÓ¿ëµÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. µàº¸À̽º´Â Çа迡¼ ¡®ÇϹöµå´ëÇб³ ÃÖÃʷΠöÇйڻ縦 µý ÃÖÃÊÀÇ ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«°è ¹Ì±¹ÀÎ(1895)¡¯À¸·Î ÀÌÈÄ ´ç´ë ¹Ì±¹À» ´ëÇ¥ÇÏ´Â ÈæÀÎ Áö½ÄÀÎ °â Àαǿ°¡·Î È°¾àÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Æò»ý ÈæÀΰú ³ë¿¹¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´Ù¾çÇÑ ¿¬±¸³í¹®À» ¹ßÇ¥ÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç ¸Åü ÆíÁýÀåÀÌÀÚ ¿ª»ç°¡ °â ½ÃÀÎÀ¸·Î ¿Õ¼ºÇÏ°Ô È°µ¿ÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. 1943³â ¹Ì±¹ ¿¹¼ú ¹®ÇÐ ¿¬±¸¼Ò°¡ ÀÎÁ¤ÇÑ ¡®ÃÖÃÊÀÇ ÈæÀÎ ÀÛ°¡¡¯ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
Àü¹Ì À¯»öÀÎ ÁöÀ§ Çâ»ó Çùȸ(îïÚ¸ýÙìÑò¢êÈú¾ß¾úðüå, National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, NAACP)(1909) : Àª¸®¾ö µàº¸À̽º(W. E. B. Du Bois)´Â Âû½º E. ·¯¼¿, ¸Þ¸® ÈÀÌÆ® ¿ÀºùÅÏ, Àª¸®¾ö E. ¿ù¸µ°ú Á¶¿¤ E. ½ºÇ롂 µî ´ç´ëÀÇ ÈæÀÎ ÁöµµÀÚ¿Í ÇÔ²² 1909³â ¹Ì±¹ ¸Þ¸±·£µåÁÖ¿¡¼ ¼³¸³µÈ Àü¹Ì À¯»öÀÎ ÁöÀ§ Çâ»ó Çùȸ(îïÚ¸ýÙìÑò¢êÈú¾ß¾úðüå, National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, NAACP)À» ⸳ÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. ±¹³»¿¡¼´Â ÈçÈ÷ Àü¹ÌÈæÀÎÁöÀ§Çâ»óÇùȸ¶ó°í ¹ø¿ªÇÏÁö¸¸, Á¤È®ÇÑ ¸íĪÀº ÈæÀÎ(ýÙìÑ)À» Æ÷°ýÇÑ À¯»öÀÎ(Colored People)ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Àü¹Ì À¯»öÀÎ ÁöÀ§ Çâ»ó Çùȸ(îïÚ¸ýÙìÑò¢êÈú¾ß¾úðüå, National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, NAACP)ÀÌ ¹èÃâÇÑ ÃÖ°íÀÇ ½ºÅ¸°¡ ¹Ù·Î ¸¶Æ¾ ·çÅÍ Å· ÁִϾî(Martin Luther King, Jr.) ¸ñ»ç·Î, µàº¸À̽º°¡ »ç¸ÁÇÑ ´ÙÀ½³¯(1963³â 8¿ù 28ÀÏ)ÀÇ ¿¬¼³ÀÌ ±× À¯¸íÇÑ ¡®³ª´Â ²ÞÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù(I have a Dream)¡¯ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
¹Ì±¹ÀÇ ÈæÀÎÀ¸·Î ž, °¡³ª¿¡¼ ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«ÀÎÀ¸·Î Á×´Ù(1963) : µàº¸À̽º´Â ¹Ì±¹¿¡¼ ž, Àá½Ã À¯·´¿¡¼ À¯ÇÐÇÑ °ÍÀ» Á¦¿ÜÇϸé Çа踦 Áß½ÉÀ¸·Î ¹Ì±¹¿¡¼ È°µ¿ÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª, °°Àº ÈæÀÎÀαǿ°¡ »çÀÌ¿¡¼µµ »ç»ó°ú öÇп¡ ´ëÇÑ Â÷ÀÌ·Î ¸¶ÂûÀÌ ÀûÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÀ» »Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ±×ÀÇ ¸¾Ã³·³ ÁøÀüµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â Çö½Ç »çÀÌ¿¡¼ °í³úÇÏ¿´°í, ÀÌ´Â ±×°¡ »çȸÁÖÀÇ¿Í °ø»êÁÖÀÇ¿¡ ¸Å·áµÇ¾î 1961³â °ø»ê´ç¿¡ ÀÔ´çÇÏ´Â °è±â°¡ µË´Ï´Ù. µàº¸À̽º´Â °¡³ª ´ëÅë·ÉÀÇ ÃÊ´ë·Î °¡³ª¸¦ ¹æ¹®ÇÑ °ÍÀ» °è±â·Î 1963³â 93¼¼¶õ °í·ÉÀÇ ³ªÀÌ¿¡ °¡³ª ±¹ÀûÀ» ÃëµæÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. °¡³ª Á¤ºÎ°¡ Áö¿øÇÑ ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä« ´ë¹é°ú»çÀü(Encyclopedia Africana) ÇÁ·ÎÁ§Æ®¸¦ ÃÑ°ýÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, 1963³â 95¼¼ÀÇ ³ªÀÌ·Î ¿µ¸éÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. ±×ÀÇ Àå·Ê½ÄÀº °¡³ªÀÇ ±¹ÀåÀ¸·Î Ä¡·¯Á³À¸¸ç, ¿À¼ö ¼º(Osu Castle) Àαٿ¡ ¾ÈÀåµÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. °¡³ª ¼öµµ ¾ÆÅ©¶ó(Accra)¿¡´Â ±×ÀÇ À̸§À» µý ±â³ä°ü(W.E.B Du Bois Memorial Centre for Panafrican Culture – Ghana)ÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
¹Ì±¹ ¿ìÁ¤Ã»(USPS) ºí·¢ Ç츮ƼÁö ½ºÅÆÇÁ ½Ã¸®Áî(Black Heritage Stamp Series) ±â³ä¿ìÇ¥(1992, 1998) : ¹Ì±¹ ¿ìÁ¤Ã»(USPS)Àº ºí·¢ Ç츮ƼÁö ½ºÅÆÇÁ ½Ã¸®Áî(Black Heritage Stamp Series)ÀÇ ÀÏȯÀ¸·Î 1992³â°ú 1998³â µàº¸À̽º ±â³ä¿ìÇ¥¸¦ ¹ßÇàÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. ºí·¢ Ç츮ƼÁö ½ºÅÆÇÁ ½Ã¸®Áî(Black Heritage Stamp Series)´Â 1940³â ºÎÄ¿ T. ¿ö½ÌÅÏ(Booker T. Washington)(1856~1915)¸¦ Á¦1È£·Î 2020³â¿¡µµ Gwen Ifill, Nella Larsen, Alain Locke, Arturo Schomburg, Anne Spencer µî ÇöÀç±îÁöµµ ¹ßÇàµÇ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
100¸íÀÇ À§´ëÇÑ ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«°è ¹Ì±¹ÀÎ(100 Greatest African Americans) ¼±Á¤(2002) : ÅÛÇà ´ëÇб³(Temple University) ±³¼ö ¸ô·¹ÇÇ ÄÉÅ× ¾Æ»êÅ×(Molefi Kete Asante)´Â 2002³â ÃâÆÇÇÑ 100¸íÀÇ À§´ëÇÑ ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«°è ¹Ì±¹ÀÎ(100 Greatest African Americans)(2002)¸¦ ÅëÇØ ¿ª»çÀûÀ¸·Î Áß¿äÇÑ ¾÷ÀûÀ» ´Þ¼ºÇÑ 100¸íÀÇ ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«°è ¹Ì±¹Àθ¦ 5°¡Áö ±âÁØÀ¸·Î ¼±Á¤ÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. 100¸íÀÇ À§´ëÇÑ ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«°è ¹Ì±¹ÀÎ(100 Greatest African Americans)(2002)Àº 100¸íÀÇ Àι°À» ¼øÀ§¾øÀÌ ¾ËÆĺª ¼øÀ¸·Î ³ª¿ÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, ¾ß±¸ ¼±¼ö ÇàÅ© ¾Æ·Ð(Hank Aaron)ÀÌ Ã¹ ¹ø°, Á¤Ä¡ÀÎ ¸»ÄÞ X(Malcolm X)°¡ 100¹ø, ±×¸®°í µàº¸À̽º(W. E. B. Du Bois)´Â 32¹ø°¿¡ À̸§À» ¿Ã·È½À´Ï´Ù.
¡°The history of the American Negro is the history of this strife, -- this longing to attain self-conscious manhood, to merge his double self into a better and truer self. In this merging he wishes neither of the older selves to be lost... He simply wishes to make it possible for a man to be both a Negro and an American...¡±
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