Die Geschichte aller bisherigen Gesellschaft ist die Geschichte von Klassenkämpfen. The history of all hitherto existing societies is the history of class struggles. ¸ðµç »çȸÀÇ ¿ª»ç´Â °è±ÞÅõÀïÀÇ ¿ª»çÀÌ´Ù. Ä® ¸¶¸£Å©½º(Karl Marx)¿Í ÇÁ¸®µå¸®È÷ ¿¨°Ö½º(Friedrich Engels)ÀÇ °øÀú·Î ź»ýÇÑ °ø»ê´ç ¼±¾ð(The Communist Manifesto)(1848)Àº ¡®Àü ¼¼°è¿¡¼ °¡Àå ¿µÇâ·Â ÀÖ´Â Á¤Ä¡ ¹®¼ Áß Çϳª(one of the world's most influential political documents)¡¯·Î ²ÅÈ÷¸ç, ÇöÀç±îÁö ³Î¸® ÀÐÈ÷´Â °ÉÀÛÀÌÀÚ ¹®Á¦ÀÛÀÔ´Ï´Ù. 1848³â 2¿ù 21ÀÏ ¿µ±¹ ·±´ø¿¡¼ µ¶ÀϾî·Î ÃÖÃÊ·Î Ãâ°£µÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ¸¶¸£Å©½ºÇÏ¸é ¶°¿À¸£´Â ¼ö¸¹Àº ¾î·ÏÀÌ ÀÌ Ã¥À» ÅëÇØ Åº»ýÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, ƯÈ÷ ¸Ó¸®±Û°ú ¸¶Áö¸· ¹®ÀåÀÌ À¯¸íÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ³×´ú¶õµå¿Í µ¶ÀÏÀÌ °¢°¢ ¼ÒÀåÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â °ø»ê´ç ¼±¾ð(The Communist Manifesto)(1848)°ú ÀÚº»·Ð(íÀÜâÖå, Capital)(1867) Á¦1±Ç ¿ø°í´Â 2013³â À¯³×½ºÄÚ ¼¼°è±â·ÏÀ¯»ê(Memory of the World)¿¡ µîÀçµÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. Å׸¶¿©Çà½Å¹® TTN Korea ¿µ¾î°íÀü(English Classics)°ú ÇÔ²² ¾îÁ¦µµ, ¿À´Ãµµ, ³»Àϵµ ¸ÚÁø ¹®Çп©ÇàÀ»! B
Under no pretext should arms and ammunition be surrendered; any attempt to disarm the workers must be frustrated, by force if necessary. ¾î¶°ÇÑ ÀÌÀ¯·Îµµ ¹«±â¿Í ź¾àÀ» Æ÷±âÇؼ´Â ¾È µË´Ï´Ù. ÇÊ¿äÇÑ °æ¿ì ¹«·ÂÀ¸·Î ³ëµ¿ÀÚ¸¦ ¹«ÀåÇØÁ¦ÇÏ·Á´Â ¾î¶°ÇÑ ½Ãµµµµ ÁÂÀýµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
¸¶¸£Å©½º, ¸¼½º, ¸¶¸¤½º... Marx´Â ¸¶¸£Å©½ºÀϱî, ¸¼½ºÀϱî? : ¿Ü·¡¾îÀÇ ¿ì¸®¸» Ç¥±â´Â ¾Ë½ö´Þ½öÇϱ⸸ ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ³×À̹ö Ã¥¿¡¼ ¸¶¸£Å©½º¸¦ °Ë»öÇϸé 5,758°ÇÀÌ Á¶È¸µÇÁö¸¸, ¸¼½º¸¦ °Ë»öÇصµ 1,195°ÇÀÌ Á¶È¸µÉ Á¤µµ·Î ÀûÁö ¾ÊÀº Ã¥ÀÌ ¡®¸¼½º¡¯¶õ Ç¥±â¹ýÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Á¦¸ñ¿¡´Â ¡®¸¼½º¡¯¸¦ ¾²¸é¼, ÀúÀÚ¸í¿¡´Â ¡®¸¶¸£Å©½º¡¯¸¦ ¾²´Â µî È¥¿ëÇÑ °æ¿ì¸¦ Á¦¿ÜÇÏ´õ¶óµµ, ¸¶¸£Å©½º ¸øÁö¾Ê°Ô ¸¼½º¶õ Ç¥±â¹ý ¶ÇÇÑ ÀûÁö ¾ÊÀº µ¶Àڵ鿡°Ô Ä£¼÷ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¡®¸¼½º¡¯´Â ¸¶¸£Å©½ºº¸´Ù MarxÀÇ ¹ßÀ½¿¡ °¡±õ´Ù´Â ÀåÁ¡ÀÌ ÀÖ°Å´Ï¿Í ¿ì¸®¸» ¡®¸¼´Ù¡¯¸¦ ¿¬»óÄÉ ÇѴٴ Ư¡ ¶§¹®¿¡ ´ëÇб³ µ¿¾Æ¸®¿Í Ä¿¹Â´ÏƼ, °ü·Ã Çà»ç µî¿¡¼ ¾Ö¿ëµÇ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ±¹¸³±¹¾î¿øÀÇ ¿Ü·¡¾î Ç¥±â¹ý¿¡ µû¸£¸é, MarxÀÇ ¿Ã¹Ù¸¥ Ç¥±â´Â ¡®¸¶¸£Å©½º¡¯ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. À̸¦ ¼ÒÀç·Î ÇÑ Çѱ¹ ¾î¹® ±Ô¹ü¿¡ °üÇÑ Ã¥ ¸¼½º ¸¶¸£Å©½º ¸¶¸¤½º(2018)°¡ Ãâ°£µÇ¾úÀ» Á¤µµ·Î ¡®¾Ë½ö´Þ½öÇÑ ¿Ü·¡¾î Ç¥±âÀÇ »ç·Ê¡¯·Î ²ÅÈü´Ï´Ù.
Religion is the sigh of the oppressed creature, the heart of a heartless world and the soul of soulless conditions. It is the opium of the people. Á¾±³´Â ¾ï¾Ð¹Þ´Â ÇÇÁ¶¹°µéÀÇ ÇѼûÀ̸ç, ½ÉÀå ¾ø´Â ¼¼»óÀÇ ½ÉÀåÀ̸ç, ¿µÈ¥ ¾ø´Â »óȲÀÇ ¿µÈ¥ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
¿µÈ¥ÀÇ ´Ü¦ Ä® ¸¶¸£Å©½º(Karl Marx)¿Í ÇÁ¸®µå¸®È÷ ¿¨°Ö½º(Friedrich Engels) : ¿¨°Ö½º´Â ¼¶À¯°øÀåÀ» ¿î¿µÇÏ´Â ºÎÀ¯ÇÑ ¾Æ¹öÁö(an owner of large textile factories)¸¦ µÎ¾î ÀçÁ¤ÀûÀ¸·Î dzÁ·Ç߱⿡, ¸¶¸£Å©½º°¡ ºÒ±ÔÄ¢ÀûÀÎ Àμ¼·Î »ýÈ°ÇÏ´Â µ¿¾È ¹°½É¾ç¸éÀ¸·Î Áö¿øÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. ¸¶¸£Å©½º´Â Àμ¼¿Í °í·á·Î ¹ú¾îµéÀÌ´Â ¼öÀÍÀÌ ÀÏ¹Ý ³ëµ¿ÀÚº¸´Ù ¿ùµîÈ÷ ³ô¾Ò½À´Ï´Ù¸¸, ±×¿Í ±×ÀÇ ¾Æ³»´Â ¼öÀÔ¿¡ ºñÇØ »çÄ¡°¡ ½ÉÇØ Æò»ý ÀçÁ¤ÀûÀ¸·Î °í³À» ¸éÄ¡ ¸øÇß½À´Ï´Ù. ¿¨°Ö½º´Â ¼½ÅÀ¸·Î ¿Õ·¡ÇÏ´ø Ä® ¸¶¸£Å©½º¸¦ 1844³â ÇÁ¶û½º Æĸ®¿¡¼ óÀ½À¸·Î ¸¸³µÀ¸¸ç, Á×À½ÀÌ ¼·Î¸¦ °¥¶ó³õÀ» ¶§±îÁö °ø»êÁÖÀÇÀÚÀÌÀÚ ÁöÀû µ¿¹ÝÀÚ, ±×¸®°í ÀçÁ¤Àû ÈÄ¿øÀڷνá Çຸ¸¦ ÇÔ²² ÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. µÎ »ç¶÷Àº ½Å¼º°¡Á·(Die heilige Familie)(1845)À» ½ÃÀÛÀ¸·Î ¹Ì±¹ ³»Àü¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿©(The Civil War in the United States)(1861)±îÁö ³× ÀÛÇ°À» ÇÔ²² ÁýÇÊÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, °¡Àå À¯¸íÇÑ °ÍÀº ¿ª½Ã °ø»ê´ç ¼±¾ð(The Communist Manifesto)(1848)ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¸¶¸£Å©½º°¡ ±×ÀÇ ´ëÇ¥ÀÛ ÀÚº»·Ð(íÀÜâÖå, Capital)(1867)À» ¿Ï¼ºÇÏÁö ¸øÇÑ Ã¤ 1883³â »ç¸ÁÇÏÀÚ, ÀÌ¿¡ ¿¨°Ö½º°¡ À¯°í¸¦ ¸ð¾Æ ÆíÁýÇÏ´Â °úÁ¤À» °ÅÃÄ 1885³â Á¦2±Ç, 1894³â Á¦3±ÇÀ» Ãâ°£ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ¿Ï°áÇÑ °ÍÀº ¸Å¿ì À¯¸íÇÑ ÀÏÈ·Î ¾Æ¸¶µµ ¡®Àηù ¿ª»ç»ó °¡Àå À¯¸íÇÑ °øÀú¡¯°¡ ¾Æ´Ò±î ½Í½À´Ï´Ù. µÎ »ç¶÷ÀÇ °øÀú¿Í °³º° ÀÛÇ°À» Æ÷°ýÇÏ´Â ¸¶¸£Å©½º/¿¨°Ö½º ÀúÀÛÁý(Marx/Engels Collected Works, MECW)(1975~2004)Àº ±×µéÀÇ »çÈÄ ·¯½Ã¾Æ ¸¶¸£Å©½ºÁÖÀÇ-·¹´ÑÁÖÀÇ ¿¬±¸¼Ò(Institute of Marxism-Leninism)ÀÇ ÁÖµµ ÇÏ¿¡ ·¯½Ã¾Æ, ¿µ±¹, ¹Ì±¹¿¡¼ 50±ÇÀÇ ¹æ´ëÇÑ ºÐ·®À¸·Î Ãâ°£µÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. °øÀú°¡ ¾Æ´Ï´õ¶óµµ, µÎ »ç¶÷Àº °¢ÀÚÀÇ Ã¥À» ±¸»óÇÏ°í ÁýÇÊÇÔ¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ Á¶¾ð°ú °ËÅ並 ¾Æ³¢Áö ¾Ê¾ÒÀ¸¸ç ¼·ÎÀÇ Ã¥¿¡ ¼ÆòÀ» ÁÖ°í ¹Þ¾Ò½À´Ï´Ù. µÎ »ç¶÷ÀÇ ÀÛÇ°Àº ÀúÀÛ±ÇÀÌ ¸¸·áµÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç, µðÁöÅÐ ¾ÆÄ«À̺ê(Marxists Internet Archive)¿¡ °ø°³µÇ¾î ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
If money is the bond binding me to human life, binding society to me, connecting me with nature and man, is not money the bond of all bonds? Can it not dissolve and bind all ties? Is it not, therefore, also the universal agent of separation? µ·ÀÌ ³ª¸¦ Àΰ£ÀÇ »î¿¡ ¹°í »çȸ¸¦ ³ª¿¡°Ô ¹°í ÀÚ¿¬°ú »ç¶÷À» ¿¬°áÇÏ´Â À¯´ë¶ó¸é µ·Àº ¸ðµç À¯´ëÀÇ À¯´ë°¡ ¾Æ´Ñ°¡? ¸ðµç °ü°è¸¦ ³ìÀÌ°í ¹À» ¼ö´Â ¾ø½À´Ï±î? ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ±×°ÍÀº ¶ÇÇÑ º¸ÆíÀû ºÐ¸®ÀÇ ÁÖü°¡ ¾Æ´Ñ°¡?
ÀϺ» ¾Ö´Ï¸ÞÀÌ¼Ç ¿øÇǽº(ONE PIECE, «ï«ó«Ôー«¹)(1977~) : 1977³âºÎÅÍ ÁÖ°£ ¼Ò³â Á¡ÇÁ(ñÎÊÊá´Ò´«¸«ã«ó«×)¸¦ ÅëÇØ ¿¬Àç ÁßÀÎ ¿øÇǽº(ONE PIECE, «ï«ó«Ôー«¹)´Â ±¹³»¿¡¼µµ Æø¹ßÀûÀÎ Àα⸦ ´©¸®°í ÀÖ´Â ¸¸È °â ¾Ö´Ï¸ÞÀÌ¼Ç ½Ã¸®ÁîÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¿øÇǽº¿¡´Â ¼ö¸¹Àº ij¸¯ÅÍ°¡ µîÀåÇϴµ¥ ¡®¼¼°èÁ¤ºÎÀÇ ±¹È¸ÀÇ¿ø 5Àι桯, ÀÏ¸í ¿À·Î¼º(çéÖÕàø)Àº ½ÇÁ¸Çß´ø À¯·ÂÀÚ¸¦ ¸ðƼºê·Î ÇÏ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¸¶¸®Á¶¾Æ(«Þ«êー«¸«ç«¢, Mary Geoise) ÆÇ°Ô¾Æ(Pangaea) ¼º¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¡®±Ç·ÂÀÚÀÇ ¹æ¡¯¿¡ ¸ðÀÎ ¿À·Î¼º(çéÖÕàø)ÀÇ ½ÇÁ¸ ¸ðµ¨¿¡ ´ëÇؼ´Â ÀÇ°ßÀÌ ºÐºÐÇÏÁö¸¸... ¿¹¼ö¸¦ ºñ·ÔÇØ îñ ¹Ì±¹ ´ëÅë·É À²¸®½Ã½º ½É½¼ ±×·£Æ®(Ulysses Simpson Grant)(1822~1885), Àεµ µ¶¸³ ¿îµ¿°¡ ¸ðÇÑ´Ù½º Ä«¶÷Âùµå °£µð(Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi)(1869~1948), îñ ¼Ò·Ã °ø»ê´ç ¼±âÀå ¹ÌÇÏÀÏ ¼¼¸£°Ô¿¹ºñÄ¡ °í¸£¹ÙÃÊÇÁ(¬®¬Ú¬ç¬Ñ¬Ú́¬Ý ¬³¬Ö¬â¬Ô¬Ö́¬Ö¬Ó¬Ú¬é ¬¤¬à¬â¬Ò¬Ñ¬é¬×¬Ó)(1931~), ±×¸®°í Ä«¸¦ ÇÏÀθ®È÷ ¸¶¸£Å©½º(Karl Heinrich Marx)(1818~1883)°¡ ¸ðµ¨À̶ó°í ÃßÁ¤µË´Ï´Ù.
A spectre is haunting Europe—the spectre of Communism. ÇϳªÀÇ À¯·É - °ø»êÁÖÀǶó´Â À¯·ÉÀÌ, À¯·´¿¡ ¶°µ¹°í ÀÖ´Ù.
Áß±¹ ¾Ö´Ï¸ÞÀÌ¼Ç ¿µÇ³ÀÚ(领风íº, The Leader)(2019) : Ä® ¸¶¸£Å©½º(Karl Marx)¿Í ÇÁ¸®µå¸®È÷ ¿¨°Ö½º(Friedrich Engels)¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °ü½ÉÀº »çȸÁÖÀÇ ±¹°¡¿¡¼ À¯µ¶ °¢º°ÇÒ ¼ö¹Û¿¡ ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. ¾Æ½Ã¾ÆÀÇ ´ëÇ¥ÀûÀÎ »çȸÁÖÀÇ ±¹°¡ Áß±¹¿¡¼´Â ºñ±³Àû ÃÖ±ÙÀÎ 2019³â, µÎ öÇÐÀÚÀÇ ÀÏ´ë±â¸¦ ¼ÒÀç·Î ÇÑ ¾Ö´Ï¸ÞÀÌ¼Ç ¿µÇ³ÀÚ(领风íº, The Leader)(2019)¸¦ Á¦ÀÛÇÏ¿© ½ºÆ®¸®¹Ö Ç÷§Æû ºñ¸®ºñ¸®(哔哩哔哩, Bilibili)¸¦ ÅëÇØ °ø°³ÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. ¿µÇ³ÀÚ(领风íº, The Leader)(2019)´Â ¸¶¸£Å©½º ź»ý 200ÁÖ³âÀ» ±â³äÇØ Áß±¹ °ø»êÁÖÀÇû³â´Ü°ú Áß±¹ ¸¶¸£Å©½º À̷בּ¸¼ÒÀÇ ÀÇ·Ú·Î Á¦ÀÛµÈ 7ºÎÀÛ ¾Ö´Ï¸ÞÀ̼ÇÀ¸·Î, À¯Æ©ºê ä³Î ¬³¬°¬®¬Á¬¡¬¥¬¦ ¬¡¬ªЇ¬®¬¦¿¡¼ ¹«·á·Î °ø°³ÇÏ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. µ¶ÀÏ ¹è°æÀÇ ¾Ö´Ï¸ÞÀ̼ÇÀÌÁö¸¸, µîÀåÀι°Àº Áß±¹¾î·Î ´ëÈÇϱ⠶§¹®¿¡ ¹º°¡ Á» ¾î»öÇÕ´Ï´Ù¸¸, À¯Æ©ºê ÀÚµ¿¹ø¿ª ±â´ÉÀ» È°¿ëÇØ Çѱ¹¾î ÀÚ¸·À¸·Î °¨»óÇÏ½Ç ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
The proletarians have nothing to lose but their chains.
They have a world to win.
WORKING MEN OF ALL COUNTRIES, UNITE!
ÇÁ·Ñ·¹Å¸¸®¾Æ°¡ Çõ¸í¿¡¼ ÀÒÀ» °ÍÀ̶ó°í´Â »ç½½ »ÓÀÌ¿ä,
¾òÀ» °ÍÀº Àü ¼¼°è´Ù.
Àü ¼¼°èÀÇ ³ëµ¿ÀÚ¿©, ´Ü°áÇ϶ó!
-¸ñÂ÷(Index)-
ÇÁ·Ñ·Î±×(Prologue). Å׸¶¿©Çà½Å¹® TTN Korea ¿µ¾î°íÀü(English Classics) 101¼±À» Àоî¾ß ÇÏ´Â 7°¡Áö ÀÌÀ¯
13°¡Áö Å°¿öµå·Î Àд Į ¸¶¸£Å©½º(Karl Marx) by Á¶¸íÈ ÆíÁýÀå
01. ¸¶¸£Å©½ºÁÖÀÇ(Marxism)ÀÇ ¿ø·ù, Ä«¸¦ ÇÏÀθ®È÷ ¸¶¸£Å©½º(Karl Heinrich Marx)(1818~1883)
02. Marx´Â ¸¶¸£Å©½ºÀϱî, ¸¼½ºÀϱî?
03. ÇÁ¸®µå¸®È÷ ¿¨°Ö½º(Friedrich Engels)(1820~1895)
04. °ø»ê´ç ¼±¾ð(The Communist Manifesto)(1848)
05. ·çÀÌ ³ªÆú·¹¿ËÀÇ ºê·ò¸Þ¸£ 18ÀÏ(The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte)(1852)
06. µ¶ÀÏÀÇ Çõ¸í°ú ¹ÝÇõ¸í(Revolution and Counter-Revolution; Or, Germany in 1848)(1852)
07. 18¼¼±âÀÇ ºñ¹Ð ¿Ü±³»ç(Secret Diplomatic History of The Eighteenth Century)(1856)
08. Á¤Ä¡°æÁ¦ÇÐ ºñÆÇÀ» À§ÇÏ¿©(A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy)(1859)
09. ÀÚº»·Ð(íÀÜâÖå, Capital)(1867)
10. ¾Ö´Ï¸ÞÀÌ¼Ç ¿øÇǽº(ONE PIECE, «ï«ó«Ôー«¹)(1977~) & ¿µÇ³ÀÚ(领风íº, The Leader)(2019)
11. Ä® ¸¶¸£Å©½º(Karl Marx)¸¦ ¸¸³ª´Â 36°÷
12. ¿Àµð¿ÀºÏ(Audio Books)À¸·Î µè´Â Ä® ¸¶¸£Å©½º(Karl Marx)
13. Ä® ¸¶¸£Å©½º(Karl Marx) ¾î·Ï(Quotes)(30)
Ä® ¸¶¸£Å©½º¿Í ¿¨°Ö½ºÀÇ °ø»ê´ç ¼±¾ð(The Communist Manifesto by Friedrich Engels and Karl Marx)(1848)
I. Bourgeois and Proletarians
II. Proletarians and Communists
III. Socialist and Communist literature
IV. Position of the Communists in Relation to the Various Existing Opposition Parties
ºÎ·Ï(Appendix). ¼¼°èÀÇ °íÀüÀ» ¿©ÇàÇÏ´Â È÷Ä¡ÇÏÀÌÄ¿¸¦ À§ÇÑ ¾È³»¼(The Hitchhiker's Guide to Worlds¡¯s Classics)
A01. ÇϹöµå ¼Á¡(Harvard Book Store) Á÷¿ø Ãßõ µµ¼ 100¼±(Staff's Favorite 100 Books) & ÆǸŵµ¼ 100À§(Top 100 Books)
A02. ¼¿ï´ë ±ÇÀåµµ¼ 100
A03. ¿¬¼¼Çʵ¶µµ¼ °íÀü 200¼±
A04. °í·Á´ëÇб³ ¼¼Á¾Ä·ÆÛ½º ±ÇÀåµµ¼ 100¼±
A05. ¼¿ï´ë, ¿¬¼¼´ë, °í·Á´ë °øÅë ±ÇÀåµµ¼ 60±Ç
A06. ¼º±Õ°ü´ëÇб³ ¿À°Å¼(çéó³ßö) ¼º±Õ °íÀü 100¼±
A07. °æÈñ´ë Èĸ¶´ÏŸ½º Ä®¸®Áö(Humanitas College) ±³¾çÇʵ¶¼ 100¼±
A08. Æ÷½ºÅØ(Æ÷Ç×°ø´ë) ±ÇÀåµµ¼ 100¼±
A09. Ä«À̽ºÆ®(KAIST) µ¶¼¸¶Àϸ®ÁöÁ¦ Ãßõµµ¼ 100±Ç
A10. ¹®Çлó ¼ö»óÀÛ ¹× Ãßõµµ¼(44)
A11. ¿µ¾î°íÀü(English Classics) ¿Àµð¿ÀºÏÀ» ¹«·á·Î µè´Â 5°¡Áö ¹æ¹ý(How to listen to FREE audio Books legally?)
A12. ¿µÈ¡¤µå¶ó¸¶·Î ¸¸³ª´Â ¿µ¾î°íÀü(Movies And TV Shows Based on English Classic Books)
Á¶¸íÈ ÆíÁýÀåÀÇ ±¹³»ÀÏÁÖ(Korea Round Travel) & ¼¼°èÀÏÁÖ(World Round Travel)(049)
Å׸¶¿©Çà½Å¹® TTN Korea ¿µ¾î°íÀü(English Classics) 101¼±
Å׸¶¿©Çà½Å¹® TTN Korea µµ¼¸ñ·Ï(954)
Ä® ¸¶¸£Å©½º(Karl Marx) & ÇÁ¸®µå¸®È÷ ¿¨°Ö½º(Friedrich Engels)
Hegel says somewhere that that great historic facts and personages recur twice. He forgot to add: ¡°Once as tragedy, and again as farce.¡± Çì°ÖÀº ¾îµò°¡¿¡¼ À§´ëÇÑ ¿ª»çÀû »ç½Ç°ú Àι°Àº µÎ ¹ø µÇÇ®ÀÌµÈ´Ù°í ¸»ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ±×´Â µ¡ºÙÀÌ´Â °ÍÀ» Àؾú½À´Ï´Ù: "ÇÑ ¹øÀº ºñ±ØÀ¸·Î, ¶Ç ÇÑ ¹øÀº Èñ±ØÀ¸·Î.¡±
¸¶¸£Å©½ºÁÖÀÇ(Marxism)ÀÇ ¿ø·ù, Ä«¸¦ ÇÏÀθ®È÷ ¸¶¸£Å©½º(Karl Heinrich Marx)(1818~1883) : Çü¿ë»çÀÌÀÚ º¸Åë¸í»ç, ÇÐÆÄÀÇ À̸§(an adjective, a noun, and a school of social theory)À¸·Î ºÒ¸®´Â »ç³ªÀÌ, Àηù ¿ª»ç»ó °¡Àå ¿µÇâ·Â ÀÖ´Â Àι° Áß ÇÑ ¸í(one of the most influential figures in human history), Çö´ë »çȸ °úÇÐÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä °ÇÃà°¡ Áß ÇÑ ¸í(one of the principal architects of modern social science), »çȸ °úÇп¡¼ ºñÆÇÀû ¹æ¹ýÀ» µµÀÔÇÑ ÃÖÃÊÀÇ À§´ëÇÑ »ç¿ëÀÚ(the first great user of critical method in social sciences), ÇÁ¸®µå¸®È÷ ´Ïü(Friedrich Nietzsche)(1844~1900)¿Í Áö±×¹®Æ® ÇÁ·ÎÀÌÆ®(Sigmund Freud)(1856~1939)¿Í ÇÔ²² 19¼¼±â ÀÇȤÀÇ Çб³(Hermeneutics of suspicion)ÀÇ ¼¼ °ÅÀå Áß ÇÑ ¸í(one of the 19th century's three masters of the "school of suspicion"), ´Ùºñµå ¿¡¹Ð µÚ¸£ÄÍ(David Émile Durkheim)(1858~1917), ¸·½º º£¹ö(Max Weber)(1864~1920)¿Í ÇÔ²² Çö´ë »çȸ °úÇÐÀÇ 3´ë ÁÖ¿ä À̷а¡ Áß ÇÑ ¸í(one of the three principal architects of modern social science)...
½ÇÇö ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÑ ÀÌ»ó·Ð¿¡ ¸Ó¹°´ø ±âÁ¸ÀÇ °ø»êÁÖÀÇ(Íìߧñ«ëù)¸¦ ü°èÈÇÔÀ¸·Î½á, »çȸÁÖÀÇ(Þäüåñ«ëù)¸¦ â½ÃÇÑ Ä«¸¦ ÇÏÀθ®È÷ ¸¶¸£Å©½º(Karl Heinrich Marx)(1818~1883)´Â ´õ ÀÌ»óÀÇ ¼³¸íÀÌ ÇÊ¿ä¾ø´Â ¡®19¼¼±â Àηù»ç¸¦ ´ëÇ¥ÇÏ´Â Á¤Ä¡ öÇÐÀÚÀÌÀÚ »ç»ó°¡¡¯ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¸¶¸£Å©½º½º·´´Ù, ¸¶¸£Å©½º´ä´Ù, ¸¶¸£Å©½º ÇÐÆÄ... ¿ÀÁ×ÇÏ¸é ±×ÀÇ À̸§ÀÌ Çü¿ë»çÀÌÀÚ º¸Åë¸í»ç, ÇÐÆÄÀÇ À̸§(an adjective, a noun, and a school of social theory)À¸·Î ºÒ¸®°Ú½À´Ï±î? ¿µÈ¥ÀÇ µ¿¹ÝÀÚ ÇÁ¸®µå¸®È÷ ¿¨°Ö½º(Friedrich Engels)(1820~1895)¿Í ÇÔ²² °ø»ê´ç ¼±¾ð(The Communist Manifesto)(1848)°ú ÀÚº»·Ð(íÀÜâÖå, Capital)(1867)À» ÅëÇØ Àü ¼¼°è¸¦ µÚÈçµç Çຸ¸¦ 13°¡Áö Å°¿öµå¿Í ÇÔ²² °Å´Ò¾î º¸½Ã°Ú½À´Ï±î?
Hinaus! Letzte Worte sind für Narren, die noch nicht genug gesagt haben... Go on, get out! Last words are for fools who haven't said enough! ²¨Á®! À¯¾ðÀ̶õ »ì¾Æ¼ ¸»À» ÃæºÐÈ÷ ÇÏÁö ¸øÇÑ ¾ó°£À̵éÀ̳ª ³²±â´Â °Å¾ß...(¸¶¸£Å©½º°¡ Á×±â Àü ¿¨°Ö½º¿¡°Ô ³²±ä À¯¾ð)
ÇÁ¸®µå¸®È÷ ¿¨°Ö½º(Friedrich Engels)(1820~1895) : Ä® ¸¶¸£Å©½º(Karl Marx)ÀÇ ¸í¼º¿¡ ´Ù¼Ò °¡·ÁÁø °¨ÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸³ª, ÇÁ¸®µå¸®È÷ ¿¨°Ö½º(Friedrich Engels)(1820~1895) ¶ÇÇÑ ´ç´ë¿¡ ¸í¼ºÀ» ¶³Ä£ öÇÐÀÚ °â °æÁ¦ÇÐÀÚ·Î ¾ö¿¬È÷ ¸¶¸£Å©½ºÁÖÀÇ(Marxism)ÀÇ Ã¢½ÃÀÚÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¸¶¸£Å©½º, ºí¶óµð¹Ì¸£ Àϸ®Ä¡ ·¹´Ñ(Vladimir Ilyich Lenin)(1870~1924)°ú ÇÔ²² ¡®°ø»êÁÖÀÇ 3´ë À§ÀΡ¯ Áß Çϳª·Î ²ÅÈü´Ï´Ù. ¿¨°Ö½º´Â ¼¶À¯°øÀåÀ» ¿î¿µÇÏ´Â ºÎÀ¯ÇÑ ¾Æ¹öÁö(an owner of large textile factories)¸¦ µÎ¾î ÀçÁ¤ÀûÀ¸·Î dzÁ·Ç߱⿡, ¸¶¸£Å©½º°¡ ºÒ±ÔÄ¢ÀûÀÎ Àμ¼·Î »ýÈ°ÇÏ´Â µ¿¾È ¹°½É¾ç¸éÀ¸·Î Áö¿øÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. ¸¶¸£Å©½º´Â Àμ¼¿Í °í·á·Î ¹ú¾îµéÀÌ´Â ¼öÀÍÀÌ ÀÏ¹Ý ³ëµ¿ÀÚº¸´Ù ¿ùµîÈ÷ ³ô¾Ò½À´Ï´Ù¸¸, ±×¿Í ±×ÀÇ ¾Æ³»´Â ¼öÀÔ¿¡ ºñÇØ »çÄ¡°¡ ½ÉÇØ Æò»ý ÀçÁ¤ÀûÀ¸·Î °í³À» ¸éÄ¡ ¸øÇß½À´Ï´Ù.
¿¨°Ö½º´Â ¼½ÅÀ¸·Î ¿Õ·¡ÇÏ´ø Ä® ¸¶¸£Å©½º¸¦ 1844³â ÇÁ¶û½º Æĸ®¿¡¼ óÀ½À¸·Î ¸¸³µÀ¸¸ç, Á×À½ÀÌ ¼·Î¸¦ °¥¶ó³õÀ» ¶§±îÁö °ø»êÁÖÀÇÀÚÀÌÀÚ ÁöÀû µ¿¹ÝÀÚ, ±×¸®°í ÀçÁ¤Àû ÈÄ¿øÀڷνá Çຸ¸¦ ÇÔ²² ÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. µÎ »ç¶÷Àº ½Å¼º°¡Á·(Die heilige Familie)(1845)À» ½ÃÀÛÀ¸·Î ¹Ì±¹ ³»Àü¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿©(The Civil War in the United States)(1861)±îÁö ³× ÀÛÇ°À» ÇÔ²² ÁýÇÊÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, °¡Àå À¯¸íÇÑ °ÍÀº ¿ª½Ã °ø»ê´ç ¼±¾ð(The Communist Manifesto)(1848)ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¸¶¸£Å©½º°¡ ±×ÀÇ ´ëÇ¥ÀÛ ÀÚº»·Ð(íÀÜâÖå, Capital)(1867)À» ¿Ï¼ºÇÏÁö ¸øÇÑ Ã¤ 1883³â »ç¸ÁÇÏÀÚ, ÀÌ¿¡ ¿¨°Ö½º°¡ À¯°í¸¦ ¸ð¾Æ ÆíÁýÇÏ´Â °úÁ¤À» °ÅÃÄ 1885³â Á¦2±Ç, 1894³â Á¦3±ÇÀ» Ãâ°£ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ¿Ï°áÇÑ °ÍÀº ¸Å¿ì À¯¸íÇÑ ÀÏÈ·Î ¾Æ¸¶µµ ¡®Àηù ¿ª»ç»ó °¡Àå À¯¸íÇÑ °øÀú¡¯°¡ ¾Æ´Ò±î ½Í½À´Ï´Ù.
µÎ »ç¶÷ÀÇ °øÀú¿Í °³º° ÀÛÇ°À» Æ÷°ýÇÏ´Â ¸¶¸£Å©½º/¿¨°Ö½º ÀúÀÛÁý(Marx/Engels Collected Works, MECW)(1975~2004)Àº ±×µéÀÇ »çÈÄ ·¯½Ã¾Æ ¸¶¸£Å©½ºÁÖÀÇ-·¹´ÑÁÖÀÇ ¿¬±¸¼Ò(Institute of Marxism-Leninism)ÀÇ ÁÖµµ ÇÏ¿¡ ·¯½Ã¾Æ, ¿µ±¹, ¹Ì±¹¿¡¼ 50±ÇÀÇ ¹æ´ëÇÑ ºÐ·®À¸·Î Ãâ°£µÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. °øÀú°¡ ¾Æ´Ï´õ¶óµµ, µÎ »ç¶÷Àº °¢ÀÚÀÇ Ã¥À» ±¸»óÇÏ°í ÁýÇÊÇÔ¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ Á¶¾ð°ú °ËÅ並 ¾Æ³¢Áö ¾Ê¾ÒÀ¸¸ç ¼·ÎÀÇ Ã¥¿¡ ¼ÆòÀ» ÁÖ°í ¹Þ¾Ò½À´Ï´Ù. µÎ »ç¶÷ÀÇ ÀÛÇ°Àº ÀúÀÛ±ÇÀÌ ¸¸·áµÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç, µðÁöÅÐ ¾ÆÄ«À̺ê(Marxists Internet Archive)¿¡ °ø°³µÇ¾î ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
On the 14th of March, at a quarter to three in the afternoon, the greatest living thinker ceased to think. He had been left alone for scarcely two minutes, and when we came back we found him in his armchair, peacefully gone to sleep – but forever. 3¿ù 14ÀÏ ¿ÀÈÄ 3½Ã 15ºÐ Àü, °¡Àå À§´ëÇÑ »ç»ó°¡´Â »ý°¢À» ¸ØÃß¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ±×´Â °Ü¿ì 2ºÐ µ¿¾È È¥ÀÚ ³²°ÜÁ® ÀÖ¾ú°í, ¿ì¸®°¡ µ¹¾Æ¿ÔÀ» ¶§, ¿ì¸®´Â ±×°¡ ¾È¶ôÀÇÀÚ¿¡ ¾É¾Æ ÆòÈ·Ó°Ô Àáµé¾î ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ» ¹ß°ßÇß½À´Ï´Ù. ¿µ¿øÈ÷¿ä.(¸¶¸£Å©½º Àå·Ê½Ä¿¡¼ ¿¨°Ö½º°¡ À¼Àº Ãßµµ»ç)