¿µ¾î°íÀü074 ´ÜÅ× ¾Ë¸®±â¿¡¸®ÀÇ ½Å°î(English Classics074 Divine Comedy by Dante Alighieri)
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´ÜÅ× ¾Ë¸®±â¿¡¸®(Dante Alighieri)ÀÇ ½Å°î(ãêÍØ, La Divina Commedia)(1308~1320) : Áß¼¼¸¦ ´ëÇ¥ÇÏ´Â ½Ã(ãÌ) ¹®ÇÐ(the most important poem of the Middle Ages)! ÀÌÅ»¸®¾Æ¾î·Î ¾²ÀÎ °¡Àå À§´ëÇÑ ¹®ÇÐ ÀÛǰ(the greatest literary work in the Italian language)!! ¼­±¸ ¼¼°è¿¡¼­ °¡Àå À§´ëÇÑ ¹®ÇÐ ¾ÆÀÌÄܵé Áß Çϳª(one of the greatest literary icons of the Western world)!!! ¼­¾ç ¹®ÇлçÀÇ ¡®3´ë ¼­»ç½Ã ÀÛ°¡(Greatest Western Epic Poems Writers)¡¯·Î ²ÅÈ÷´Â È£¸Þ·Î½º(Homer), º£¸£±æ¸®¿ì½º(Vergilius) ±×¸®°í ´ÜÅ× ¾Ë¸®±â¿¡¸®(Dante Alighieri)ÀÇ ÀÛǰÀº ½Å°ú ¿µ¿õÀÌ µîÀåÇϰí, ¿µ¿õÀÇ ¸ðÇè À̾߱⸦ ÁٰŸ®·Î Çϰí ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, °í³­°ú ¿ª°æÀ» µó°í À̸¦ À̰ܳ¿À¸·Î½á ¡®ÀÌ»óÀûÀÎ Àΰ£»ó¡¯À» ³ë·¡ÇÑ´Ù´Â °øÅëÁ¡À» °®°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ´õ ³ª¾Æ°¡ º£¸£±æ¸®¿ì½º(Vergilius)ÀÇ ¾ÆÀ̳×À̽º(Aeneid)(BC 19)´Â Àϸ®¾Æ½º(The Iliad)¿¡ µîÀåÇÑ Æ®·ÎÀÌ ÀüÀï ÀÌÈÄ ¾ÆÀ̳׾ƽº(Aeneas)ÀÇ ¸ðÇè´ãÀ» ´Ù·ç°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ´ÜÅ× ¾Ë¸®±â¿¡¸®(Dante Alighieri)ÀÇ ½Å°î(ãêÍØ, La Divina Commedia)(1308~1320)¿¡´Â ¾Æ¿¹ º£¸£±æ¸®¿ì½º(Vergilius)°¡ ¡®Áö¿ÁÀÇ ¾È³»ÀÚ¡¯·Î µîÀåÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¼±¹èÀÇ ÀÛǰÀÌ ÈÄ´ëÀÇ ÀÛ°¡µé¿¡°Ô Á÷Á¢ÀûÀÎ ¿µ°¨°ú ¸ðƼºê¸¦ ¼±»çÇßÀ½À» ÁüÀÛÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ´ë¸ñÀÌÁö¿ä.

 

´ÜÅ× ¾Ë¸®±â¿¡¸®(Dante Alighieri)ÀÇ ½Å°î(ãêÍØ, La Divina Commedia)(1472)Àº ÀÌÅ»¸®¾Æ ÀÛ°¡°¡ ´ç´ë ±ÍÁ·ÀÇ ¾ð¾îÀÎ ¶óƾ¾î°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ÀÌÅ»¸®¾Æ Å佺ī³ª ¹æ¾ðÀ¸·Î ÁýÇÊÇÔÀ¸·Î½á Çö´ë ÀÌÅ»¸®¾Æ ¹®ÇÐÀÇ Ãʼ®À» ´ÙÁø ÀÛǰÀÎ µ¿½Ã¿¡, ±×¸®½º ·Î¸¶ ½ÅÈ­ ½Ã´ëÀÇ ´Ù½Å·ÐÀ» ¹þ¾î³ª, °¡Å縯 ½Å¾Ó¿¡ ±â¹ÝÀ» µÐ ¼Ò¼³À» âÀÛÇß´Ù´Â Á¡¿¡¼­ ¹®ÇÐÀû, Á¾±³ÀûÀ¸·Î Àǹ̰¡ ±íÀº ÀÛǰÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¿øÁ¦´Â Èñ±ØÀ̶õ ÀǹÌÀÇ ÄÚ¸Þµð¾Æ(Commedia)ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. La Divine Comedy(1472)´Â ÃâÆÇ¾÷ÀÚ°¡ »õ·Ó°Ô ºÙÀÎ °ÍÀ¸·Î, À̸¦ ÀϺ»¿¡¼­ ½Å°î(ãêÍØ)À̶ó°í ¹ø¿ªÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. ±¹³»¿¡µµ ÀϺ» ¹ø¿ª¸íÀÎ ½Å°î(ãêÍØ)À» ±×´ë·Î ¿Å°å½À´Ï´Ù. ÇÑ ÀåÀÇ ¼­µÎ¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇØ °¢°¢ 33ÀýÀÇ Áö¿Á(Inferno), ¿¬¿Á(Purgatorio), Ãµ±¹(Paradiso)À» ½Ã°£ ¼øÀ¸·Î ¿©ÇàÇϴ ÃÑ 100ÀýÀÇ ±¸¼ºÀ¸·Î, °¢±â ´Ù¸¥ Áö¿Á°ú ¿¬¿Á¿¡¼­ °íÅë ¹Þ´Â Àι°À» ¹¦»çÇϰí ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ´ç´ë¿¡´Â ´ÜÅ×°¡ ½ÇÁ¦·Î Áö¿ÁÀ» º¸°í µ¹¾Æ¿Ô´Ù°í ¹Ï´Â µ¶ÀÚ°¡ ÀûÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÀ» Á¤µµ·Î ¼±Ç³ÀûÀÎ Àα⸦ ´©·È½À´Ï´Ù. Å׸¶¿©Çà½Å¹® TTN Korea ¿µ¾î°íÀü(English Classics)°ú ÇÔ²² ¾îÁ¦µµ, ¿À´Ãµµ, ³»Àϵµ ¸ÚÁø ¹®Çп©ÇàÀ»! B

 

¡°The hottest places in hell are reserved for those who, in times of great moral crisis, maintain their neutrality.¡± "Áö¿Á¿¡¼­ °¡Àå ´õ¿î °÷Àº Å« µµ´öÀû À§±â°¡ ´ÚÃÆÀ» ¶§ Á߸³À» ÁöŰ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀ» À§ÇØ ³²°ÜÁ® ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

 

ºÒ¸êÀÇ »ç¶û º£¾ÆÆ®¸®Ã¼(Beatrice di Folco Portinari)(1266~1290) : ´ÜÅ×°¡ ¼­¸¥¿¡ ¿Ï¼ºÇÑ »õ·Î¿î »î(ãæßæ, Vita nuova)(1293~1295)Àº ´ÜÅ×ÀÇ °³ÀÎÀûÀÎ »î, ±× Áß¿¡¼­µµ º£¾ÆÆ®¸®Ã¼ µð ÆúÄÚ Æ÷¸£Æ¼³ª¸®(Beatrice di Folco Portinari)(1266~1290)¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿¬¸ð¸¦ ´ã¿î ¿¬¾Ö ½ÃÀÔ´Ï´Ù. »õ·Î¿î »î(ãæßæ, Vita nuova)(1293~1295)Àº ´ÜÅ×°¡ ½Å°î(ãêÍØ, La Divina Commedia)(1308~1320)¿¡ ºñÇØ Àß ¾Ë·ÁÁø ÀÛǰÀº ¾Æ´ÏÁö¸¸, ±×°¡ 18¼¼ ¶§ ÀÌÅ»¸®¾Æ¾î·Î ÁýÇÊÀ» ½ÃµµÇß´Ù´Â Á¡¿¡¼­ Àǹ̰¡ ÀÖ´Â ÀÛǰÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ½Å°î(ãêÍØ, La Divina Commedia)(1308~1320)ÀÌ ÀÌÅ»¸®¾Æ¾î·Î ¾²ÀÎ °¡Àå À§´ëÇÑ ¹®ÇÐ ÀÛǰ(the greatest literary work in the Italian language)À̶ó¸é, »õ·Î¿î »î(ãæßæ, Vita nuova)(1293~1295)Àº ¡®´ÜÅ×°¡ ÁýÇÊÇÑ ÃÖÃÊÀÇ ÀÛǰ¡¯ÀÌÀÚ ¡®ÀÌÅ»¸®¾Æ¾î·Î ¾²ÀÎ ÃÖÃÊÀÇ ÀÛǰ¡¯À̶ó´Â »ó¡¼ºÀÌ ÀÖÁö¿ä!

 

¶Ç ÇϳªÀÇ Æ¯Â¡Àº ÀÌ¹Ì ´Ù¸¥ ¿©ÀÚ¿Í °áÈ¥ÇÑ ´ÜÅ×°¡ º£¾ÆÆ®¸®Ã¼°¡ 24¼¼ÀÇ ³ªÀÌ·Î ¿äÀýÇÒ ¶§±îÁö, ½ÉÁö¾î »ç¸ÁÇÑ ÀÌÈÄ¿¡µµ ¡®±×³à¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿µ¿øÇÑ »ç¶û¡¯À» Ç¥ÇöÇÑ ÀÛǰÀ̶ó´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ´ÜÅ×ÀÇ ¸ÖÂÄÈ÷ Àß »ì¾ÆÀÖ´Â ¾Æ³»°¡ ºÒ½ÖÇØÁö´Â ´ë¸ñÀÔ´Ï´Ù¸¸, Á×À½¸¶Àúµµ ÃÊ¿ùÇÑ ´ÜÅ×ÀÇ ¿¬¸ð°¡ »õ·Î¿î »î(ãæßæ, Vita nuova)(1293~1295)ÀÇ ¿øµ¿·ÂÀÌ µÈ ¼ÀÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Á¤ÀÛ ´ÜÅ×´Â º£¾ÆÆ®¸®Ã¼¸¦ 9»ì(1274) ¶§ óÀ½ ¸¸³ª »ç¸ðÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾úÀ¸¸é¼­µµ ¸» ÇѸ¶µð, ÆíÁö ÇÑÅë º¸³½ ÀûÀÌ ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. 9³â ÈÄÀΠ18¼¼ ¶§ ´Ù½Ã ¸¸³ª Àλ縦 ³ª´©¾úÀ¸´Ï, Æò»ý ´Ü µÎ ¹ø ¸¸³­ ¿©ÀÎÀÎ ¼ÀÀÌÁÒ. ¼­±¸ ¹®Çа迡¼­ ¡®ºÒ¸íÀÇ »ç¶û¡¯À» ´ëÇ¥ÇÏ´Â ¾ÆÀÌÄÜÀÌ µÈ º£¾ÆÆ®¸®Ã¼´Â ¸·»ó ´ÜÅ×ÀÇ ¿¬¸ð¸¦ ¾ËÁöµµ ¸øÇßÀ¸¸ç, ¿äÀýÇϱä ÇßÀ¸³ª ´Ù¸¥ ³²ÀÚ¿Í °áÈ¥ÇØ Àß »ì¾Ò½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ ¶§¹®¿¡ º£¾ÆÆ®¸®Ã¼´Â ½ÇÁ¸ Àι°ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¸ç, ´ÜÅ×°¡ »ó»óÇÑ °¡»óÀÇ Àι°ÀÏ °ÍÀ̶õ ÃßÃøµµ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù¸¸, ±×³à´Â ÆúÄÚ Æ÷¸£Æ¼³ª¸®(Folco Portinari)ÀÇ µþ·Î½á ½ÇÁ¸Çß´Ù´Â Áõ°Å°¡ ¸íÈ®ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

 

´ÜÅ×´Â »õ·Î¿î »î(ãæßæ, Vita nuova)(1293~1295)¿¡ À̾î ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ´ëÇ¥ÀÛ ½Å°î(ãêÍØ, La Divina Commedia)(1308~1320)¿¡¼­µµ º£¾ÆÆ®¸®Ã¼¸¦ µîÀå½ÃÄ×½À´Ï´Ù. ´ç¿¬È÷ º£¾ÆÆ®¸®Ã¼´Â õ±¹¿¡ ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î, ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ µþÀ» ´ÜÅ× ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ ´Ù¸¥ ³²ÀÚ¿Í °áÈ¥½ÃŲ ±×³àÀÇ ¾Æ¹öÁö¸¦ Áö¿Á¿¡ µÎ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ¼Ò½ÉÇÑ(?!) º¹¼ö¸¦ ÀÚÇàÇß½À´Ï´Ù. ÇÑÆí ´ÜÅ×´Â ´ç´ëÀÇ °ü½À¿¡ ¸ÂÃç À¯·Â °¡¹®ÀÇ µþ Áª¸¶µð ¸¶³×Åä µµ³ªÆ¼(Gemma di Manetto Donati)¿Í °áÈ¥ÇÏ¿´°í, ¼¼ ¸íÀÇ ÀÚ³à(Pietro, Jacopo, Antonia)¸¦ µÎ¾úÀ¸´Ï °áÈ¥ »ýȰÀÌ ¿µ ¾û¸ÁÀ̶ó°í º¼ ¼ö´Â ¾øÀ» °Ì´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÀÛǰ¿¡¼­ ¡®´Ü ÇÑ ¹øµµ¡¯ ¾Æ³» Áª¸¶µð ¸¶³×Åä µµ³ªÆ¼(Gemma di Manetto Donati)¸¦ ¾ð±ÞÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò½À´Ï´Ù.

 

¡°In that book which is my memory,

On the first page of the chapter that is the day when I first met you,

Appear the words, ¡®Here begins a new life¡¯.¡±

"³» ±â¾ïÀÇ ±× Ã¥¿¡¼­,

±× ÀåÀÇ Ã¹ ÆäÀÌÁö´Â ´ç½ÅÀ» óÀ½ ¸¸³­ ³¯ÀÌ¿¡¿ä,

'¿©±â¼­ »õ·Î¿î »îÀÌ ½ÃÀ۵˴ϴÙ'¶ó´Â ¹®±¸°¡ ³ªÅ¸³µÁö¿ä.¡±

 

´©±¸º¸´Ù ÇÇ·»Ã¼¸¦ »ç¶ûÇßÀ¸³ª, ÇÇ·»Ã¼¿¡¼­ ¿µ±¸ Ãß¹æµÈ ºñ¿îÀÇ ÀÛ°¡(1301) : ´ÜÅ×ÀÇ »ý°¡(House of Dante) ¶ÇÇÑ ÇÇ·»Ã¼ÀÇ °ñ¸ñ±æ¿¡ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ÇöÀç ¹Ú¹°°üÀ¸·Î Ȱ¿ëµÇ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ´ÜÅ×´Â ÇÇ·»Ã¼ °øÈ­±¹ÀÇ ÀÏ¿øÀ¸·Î½á Ä¯ÆÈµð³ë ÀüÅõ(the Battle of Campaldino)(1289)¿¡ ÂüÀüÇÏ¿´À» »Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ´ç´ëÀÇ °ü½À¿¡ µû¶ó ÀÇ»ç ±æµå(Physicians' Guild)¿Í ¾à»ç ±æµå(Apothecaries' Guild), ¾ÆÆ÷Å×Ä«¸®½º ±æµå(the Apothecaries' Guild) µî¿¡ °¡ÀÔÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. ´ÜÅ×´Â ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô ÀÛ°¡·Î ÀνĵÇÁö¸¸, ÇÇ·»Ã¼ Ãâ½ÅÀÇ ´ÜÅ×´Â ±¸¿¤ÇÇ ºñ¾ÓÄ¡(Guelfi Bianchi), Áï È­ÀÌÆ® ±¸¿¤ÇÁ(the White Guelphs)ÀÇ ÀÏ¿øÀ¸·Î½á ºí·¢ ±¸¿¤ÇÁ(Black Guelphs)¿Í ´ë¸³ÇÑ Á¤Ä¡ÀÎÀ̱⵵ ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ±×ÀÇ Á¤Ä¡ÀÎÀ¸·Î½áÀÇ È°¾à»óÀ» »ý·«Çϰí, °á·Ð¸¸ À̾߱âÇÏÀÚ¸é ±×´Â 1301³â ÇÇ·»Ã¼·ÎºÎÅÍ ¿µ±¸ Ãß¹æµÇ¾ú°í ´Ù½Ã´Â °íÇâÀ¸·Î µ¹¾Æ¿ÀÁö ¸øÇß½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ ¶§¹®¿¡ ´ÜÅ״ ¡®ÇÇ·»Ã¼°¡ ÀÚ¶ûÇÏ´Â ¹®ÀΡ¯ÀÌÁö¸¸, ±×¿Í µ¿½Ã¿¡ ¡®ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ °íÇâÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÂѰܳª ŸÁö¿¡¼­ »ç¸ÁÇÑ ºñ¿îÀÇ ÀÛ°¡¡¯À̱⵵ ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ±×ÀÇ À¯¹èÇüÀº 2008³â 6¿ù, ¹«·Á 700³âÀÌ È帥 µÚ¿¡¾ß öȸµÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ÇÇ·»Ã¼ »êŸ Å©·Îü ¼º´ç(Basilica of Santa Croce in Florence) ¾Õ¿¡´Â ¡®ÇÇ·»Ã¼ÀÇ ÀÛ°¡¡¯ ´ÜÅ׸¦ ±â¸®´Â Á¶°¢»óÀÌ, ¼º´ç ³»ºÎ¿¡´Â ´ÜÅ×ÀÇ ¹«´ýÀÌ Á¶¼ºµÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù¸¸... ´ç¿¬ÇϰԵµ ±×ÀÇ ½Ã½ÅÀº À̰÷¿¡ ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. ¾ÆÀÌ·¯´ÏÇϰԵµ ´ÜÅ×ÀÇ À̸§À» ¾Ë¸° ±×ÀÇ ´ëÇ¥ÀÛÀº ¸ðµÎ Ãß¹æ(1301)µÈ ÀÌÈÄ¿¡ ÁýÇʵǾú½À´Ï´Ù.

 

¡°There is no greater sorrow than to recall in misery the time when we were happy.¡± "¿ì¸®°¡ ÇູÇß´ø ½ÃÀýÀ» ºñÂüÇÏ°Ô ±â¾ïÇÏ´Â °Í¸¸Å­ Å« ½½ÇÄÀº ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù.¡±

 

ÁÙ¸®¿À ·¹¿À´Ï(Giulio Leoni)ÀÇ ´ÜÅ× ½Ã¸®Áî(Dante Series)(2000~2008) : ÀÌÅ»¸®¾Æ ·Î¸¶ Ãâ½ÅÀÇ ¼Ò¼³°¡ ÁÙ¸®¿À ·¹¿À´Ï(Giulio Leoni)´Â 2000³â ´ÜÅ×°¡ ŽÁ¤À¸·Î µîÀåÇÏ´Â Ã߸®¼Ò¼³ ´ÜÅ× ¾Ë¸®±â¿¡¸®¿Í ¸ÞµÎ»ç »ìÀÎ(Dante Alighieri e i delitti della Medusa)(2000)À» ¹ßÇ¥ÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. ÇöÀç±îÁö ´ÜÅ×ÀÇ ¸ðÀÚÀÌÅ© »ìÀÎ(I delitti del mosaico)(2004), ´ÜÅ×ÀÇ ºûÀÇ »ìÀÎ(I Delitti Della Luce)(2005), ´ÜÅ×ÀÇ ºñ¹ÐÀÇ Áýȸ(La Crociata Delle Tenebre)(2008) µîÀÇ ÈļӯíÀÌ Ãâ°£µÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç, ±×ÀÇ Ã߸®¼Ò¼³ ¿¬ÀÛÀ» ´ÜÅ× ½Ã¸®Áî(Dante Series)¶ó°í ºÎ¸¨´Ï´Ù. ±¹³»¿¡µµ ´ÜÅ× ¾Ë¸®±â¿¡¸®¿Í ¸ÞµÎ»ç »ìÀÎ(Dante Alighieri e i delitti della Medusa)(2000)À» Á¦¿ÜÇÑ ÈļӯíÀº ¹ø¿ª Ãâ°£µÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù.

 

¡°The devil is not as black as he is painted.¡± "¾Ç¸¶´Â ±×¸²Ã³·³ °ËÁö ¾Ê¾Æ¿ä.¡±

 


 

-¸ñÂ÷(Index)-

ÇÁ·Ñ·Î±×(Prologue). Å׸¶¿©Çà½Å¹® TTN Korea ¿µ¾î°íÀü(English Classics) 101¼±À» Àоî¾ß Çϴ 7°¡Áö ÀÌÀ¯

10°¡Áö Ű¿öµå·Î Àд ´ÜÅ× ¾Ë¸®±â¿¡¸®(Dante Alighieri) by Á¶¸íÈ­ ÆíÁýÀå

01. ÀÌÅ»¸®¾Æ¾îÀÇ ¾Æ¹öÁö(the father of the Italian language) µÎ¶õÅ× µ¨¸® ¾Ë¸®±â¿¡¸®(Durante degli Alighieri)(1265~1321)

02. ºÒ¸êÀÇ »ç¶û º£¾ÆÆ®¸®Ã¼(Beatrice di Folco Portinari)(1266~1290)

03. ´©±¸º¸´Ù ÇÇ·»Ã¼¸¦ »ç¶ûÇßÀ¸³ª, ÇÇ·»Ã¼¿¡¼­ ¿µ±¸ Ãß¹æµÈ ºñ¿îÀÇ ÀÛ°¡(1301)

04. ´ÜÅ× ¾Ë¸®±â¿¡¸®(Dante Alighieri)ÀÇ ½Å°î(ãêÍØ, La Divina Commedia)(1308~1320)

05. Àå ¿À±Í½ºÆ® µµ¹Ì´ÏÅ© ¾Þ±×¸£(Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres)(1780~1867)ÀÇ È£¸Þ·Î½ºÀÇ ½Å°ÝÈ­(L'Apothéose d'Homère)(1827)

06. ¼­¾ç ¹®ÇлçÀÇ À§´ëÇÑ ¼­»ç½Ã ÀÛ°¡(Greatest Western Epic Poems Writers)

07. ÁÙ¸®¿À ·¹¿À´Ï(Giulio Leoni)ÀÇ ´ÜÅ× ½Ã¸®Áî(Dante Series)(2000~2008)

08. ´ÜÅ× ¾Ë¸®±â¿¡¸®(Dante Alighieri)¸¦ ¸¸³ª´Â Àå¼Ò TOP10

09. ¿Àµð¿ÀºÏ(Audio Books)À¸·Î µè´Â ´ÜÅ× ¾Ë¸®±â¿¡¸®(Dante Alighieri)

10. ´ÜÅ× ¾Ë¸®±â¿¡¸®(Dante Alighieri) ¾î·Ï(Quotes)(30)

´ÜÅ× ¾Ë¸®±â¿¡¸®ÀÇ ½Å°î(Divine Comedy by Dante Alighieri)(1472)

Inferno

I. The Dark Forest. The Hill of Difficulty. The Panther, the Lion, and the Wolf. Virgil.

II. The Descent. Dante¡¯s Protest and Virgil¡¯s Appeal. The Intercession of the Three Ladies Benedight.

III. The Gate of Hell. The Inefficient or Indifferent. Pope Celestine V. The Shores of Acheron. Charon. The Earthquake and the Swoon.

IV. The First Circle, Limbo: Virtuous Pagans and the Unbaptized. The Four Poets, Homer, Horace, Ovid, and Lucan. The Noble Castle of Philosophy.

V. The Second Circle: The Wanton. Minos. The Infernal Hurricane. Francesca da Rimini.

VI. The Third Circle: The Gluttonous. Cerberus. The Eternal Rain. Ciacco. Florence.

VII. The Fourth Circle: The Avaricious and the Prodigal. Plutus. Fortune and her Wheel. The Fifth Circle: The Irascible and the Sullen. Styx.

VIII. Phlegyas. Philippo Argenti. The Gate of the City of Dis.

IX. The Furies and Medusa. The Angel. The City of Dis. The Sixth Circle: Heresiarchs.

X. Farinata and Cavalcante de¡¯ Cavalcanti. Discourse on the Knowledge of the Damned.

XI. The Broken Rocks. Pope Anastasius. General Description of the Inferno and its Divisions.

XII. The Minotaur. The Seventh Circle: The Violent. The River Phlegethon. The Violent against their Neighbours. The Centaurs. Tyrants.

XIII. The Wood of Thorns. The Harpies. The Violent against themselves. Suicides. Pier della Vigna. Lano and Jacopo da Sant¡¯ Andrea.

XIV. The Sand Waste and the Rain of Fire. The Violent against God. Capaneus. The Statue of Time, and the Four Infernal Rivers.

XV. The Violent against Nature. Brunetto Latini.

XVI. Guidoguerra, Aldobrandi, and Rusticucci. Cataract of the River of Blood.

XVII. Geryon. The Violent against Art. Usurers. Descent into the Abyss of Malebolge.

XVIII. The Eighth Circle, Malebolge: The Fraudulent and the Malicious. The First Bolgia: Seducers and Panders. Venedico Caccianimico. Jason. The Second Bolgia: Flatterers. Allessio Interminelli. Thais.

XIX. The Third Bolgia: Simoniacs. Pope Nicholas III. Dante¡¯s Reproof of corrupt Prelates.

XX. The Fourth Bolgia: Soothsayers. Amphiaraus, Tiresias, Aruns, Manto, Eryphylus, Michael Scott, Guido Bonatti, and Asdente. Virgil reproaches Dante¡¯s Pity. Mantua¡¯s Foundation.

XXI. The Fifth Bolgia: Peculators. The Elder of Santa Zita. Malacoda and other Devils.

XXII. Ciampolo, Friar Gomita, and Michael Zanche. The Malabranche quarrel.

XXIII. Escape from the Malabranche. The Sixth Bolgia: Hypocrites. Catalano and Loderingo. Caiaphas.

XXIV. The Seventh Bolgia: Thieves. Vanni Fucci. Serpents.

XXV. Vanni Fucci¡¯s Punishment. Agnello Brunelleschi, Buoso degli Abati, Puccio Sciancato, Cianfa de¡¯ Donati, and Guercio Cavalcanti.

XXVI. The Eighth Bolgia: Evil Counsellors. Ulysses and Diomed. Ulysses¡¯ Last Voyage.

XXVII. Guido da Montefeltro. His deception by Pope Boniface VIII.

XXVIII. The Ninth Bolgia: Schismatics. Mahomet and Ali. Pier da Medicina, Curio, Mosca, and Bertrand de Born.

XXIX. Geri del Bello. The Tenth Bolgia: Alchemists. Griffolino d¡¯ Arezzo and Capocchino.

XXX. Other Falsifiers or Forgers. Gianni Schicchi, Myrrha, Adam of Brescia, Potiphar¡¯s Wife, and Sinon of Troy.

XXXI. The Giants, Nimrod, Ephialtes, and Antaeus. Descent to Cocytus.

XXXII. The Ninth Circle: Traitors. The Frozen Lake of Cocytus. First Division, Caina: Traitors to their Kindred. Camicion de¡¯ Pazzi. Second Division, Antenora: Traitors to their Country. Dante questions Bocca degli Abati. Buoso da Duera.

XXXIII. Count Ugolino and the Archbishop Ruggieri. The Death of Count Ugolino¡¯s Sons. Third Division of the Ninth Circle, Ptolomaea: Traitors to their Friends. Friar Alberigo, Branco d¡¯ Oria.

XXXIV. Fourth Division of the Ninth Circle, the Judecca: Traitors to their Lords and Benefactors. Lucifer, Judas Iscariot, Brutus, and Cassius. The Chasm of Lethe. The Ascent.

Purgatorio

I. The Shores of Purgatory. The Four Stars. Cato of Utica. The Rush.

II. The Celestial Pilot. Casella. The Departure.

III. Discourse on the Limits of Reason. The Foot of the Mountain. Those who died in Contumacy of Holy Church. Manfredi.

IV. Farther Ascent. Nature of the Mountain. The Negligent, who postponed Repentance till the last Hour. Belacqua.

V. Those who died by Violence, but repentant. Buonconte di Monfeltro. La Pia.

VI. Dante¡¯s Inquiry on Prayers for the Dead. Sordello. Italy.

VII. The Valley of Flowers. Negligent Princes.

VIII. The Guardian Angels and the Serpent. Nino di Gallura. The Three Stars. Currado Malaspina.

IX. Dante¡¯s Dream of the Eagle. The Gate of Purgatory and the Angel. Seven P¡¯s. The Keys.

X. The Needle¡¯s Eye. The First Circle: The Proud. The Sculptures on the Wall.

XI. The Humble Prayer. Omberto di Santafiore. Oderisi d¡¯ Agobbio. Provenzan Salvani.

XII. The Sculptures on the Pavement. Ascent to the Second Circle.

XIII. The Second Circle: The Envious. Sapia of Siena.

XIV. Guido del Duca and Renier da Calboli. Cities of the Arno Valley. Denunciation of Stubbornness.

XV. The Third Circle: The Irascible. Dante¡¯s Visions. The Smoke.

XVI. Marco Lombardo. Lament over the State of the World.

XVII. Dante¡¯s Dream of Anger. The Fourth Circle: The Slothful. Virgil¡¯s Discourse of Love.

XVIII. Virgil further discourses of Love and Free Will. The Abbot of San Zeno.

XIX. Dante¡¯s Dream of the Siren. The Fifth Circle: The Avaricious and Prodigal. Pope Adrian V.

XX. Hugh Capet. Corruption of the French Crown. Prophecy of the Abduction of Pope Boniface VIII and the Sacrilege of Philip the Fair. The Earthquake.

XXI. The Poet Statius. Praise of Virgil.

XXII. Statius¡¯ Denunciation of Avarice. The Sixth Circle: The Gluttonous. The Mystic Tree.

XXIII. Forese. Reproof of immodest Florentine Women.

XXIV. Buonagiunta da Lucca. Pope Martin IV, and others. Inquiry into the State of Poetry.

XXV. Discourse of Statius on Generation. The Seventh Circle: The Wanton.

XXVI. Sodomites. Guido Guinicelli and Arnaldo Daniello.

XXVII. The Wall of Fire and the Angel of God. Dante¡¯s Sleep upon the Stairway, and his Dream of Leah and Rachel. Arrival at the Terrestrial Paradise.

XXVIII. The River Lethe. Matilda. The Nature of the Terrestrial Paradise.

XXIX. The Triumph of the Church.

XXX. Virgil¡¯s Departure. Beatrice. Dante¡¯s Shame.

XXXI. Reproaches of Beatrice and Confession of Dante. The Passage of Lethe. The Seven Virtues. The Griffon.

XXXII. The Tree of Knowledge. Allegory of the Chariot.

XXXIII. Lament over the State of the Church. Final Reproaches of Beatrice. The River Eunoe.

Paradiso

I. The Ascent to the First Heaven. The Sphere of Fire.

II. The First Heaven, the Moon: Spirits who, having taken Sacred Vows, were forced to violate them. The Lunar Spots.

III. Piccarda Donati and the Empress Constance.

IV. Questionings of the Soul and of Broken Vows.

V. Discourse of Beatrice on Vows and Compensations. Ascent to the Second Heaven, Mercury: Spirits who for the Love of Fame achieved great Deeds.

VI. Justinian. The Roman Eagle. The Empire. Romeo.

VII. Beatrice¡¯s Discourse of the Crucifixion, the Incarnation, the Immortality of the Soul, and the Resurrection of the Body.

VIII. Ascent to the Third Heaven, Venus: Lovers. Charles Martel. Discourse on diverse Natures.

IX. Cunizza da Romano, Folco of Marseilles, and Rahab. Neglect of the Holy Land.

X. The Fourth Heaven, the Sun: Theologians and Fathers of the Church. The First Circle. St. Thomas of Aquinas.

XI. St. Thomas recounts the Life of St. Francis. Lament over the State of the Dominican Order.

XII. St. Buonaventura recounts the Life of St. Dominic. Lament over the State of the Franciscan Order. The Second Circle.

XIII. Of the Wisdom of Solomon. St. Thomas reproaches Dante¡¯s Judgement.

XIV. The Third Circle. Discourse on the Resurrection of the Flesh. The Fifth Heaven, Mars: Martyrs and Crusaders who died fighting for the true Faith. The Celestial Cross.

XV. Cacciaguida. Florence in the Olden Time.

XVI. Dante¡¯s Noble Ancestry. Cacciaguida¡¯s Discourse of the Great Florentines.

XVII. Cacciaguida¡¯s Prophecy of Dante¡¯s Banishment.

XVIII. The Sixth Heaven, Jupiter: Righteous Kings and Rulers. The Celestial Eagle. Dante¡¯s Invectives against ecclesiastical Avarice.

XIX. The Eagle discourses of Salvation, Faith, and Virtue. Condemnation of the vile Kings of A.D. 1300.

XX. The Eagle praises the Righteous Kings of old. Benevolence of the Divine Will.

XXI. The Seventh Heaven, Saturn: The Contemplative. The Celestial Stairway. St. Peter Damiano. His Invectives against the Luxury of the Prelates.

XXII. St. Benedict. His Lamentation over the Corruption of Monks. The Eighth Heaven, the Fixed Stars.

XXIII. The Triumph of Christ. The Virgin Mary. The Apostles. Gabriel.

XXIV. The Radiant Wheel. St. Peter examines Dante on Faith.

XXV. The Laurel Crown. St. James examines Dante on Hope. Dante¡¯s Blindness.

XXVI. St. John examines Dante on Charity. Dante¡¯s Sight. Adam.

XXVII. St. Peter¡¯s reproof of bad Popes. The Ascent to the Ninth Heaven, the ¡®Primum Mobile.¡¯

XXVIII. God and the Angelic Hierarchies.

XXIX. Beatrice¡¯s Discourse of the Creation of the Angels, and of the Fall of Lucifer. Her Reproof of Foolish and Avaricious Preachers.

XXX. The Tenth Heaven, or Empyrean. The River of Light. The Two Courts of Heaven. The White Rose of Paradise. The great Throne.

XXXI. The Glory of Paradise. Departure of Beatrice. St. Bernard.

XXXII. St. Bernard points out the Saints in the White Rose.

XXXIII. Prayer to the Virgin. The Threefold Circle of the Trinity. Mystery of the Divine and Human Nature.

Appendix

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ÀÌÅ»¸®¾Æ¾îÀÇ ¾Æ¹öÁö(the father of the Italian language) µÎ¶õÅ× µ¨¸® ¾Ë¸®±â¿¡¸®(Durante degli Alighieri)(1265~1321) : ÀÏ ¼Ò¸ð ½ÃŸ(il Sommo Poeta)! ´ÜÅ׿¡°Ô ºÙ¿©Áø ÀÏ ¼Ò¸ð ½ÃŸ(il Sommo Poeta)´Â ÀÌÅ»¸®¾Æ¾î·Î ÃÖ°íÀÇ ½ÃÀÎ(the Supreme Poet)À̶õ Âù»çÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±× À¯¸íÇÑ ½Å°î(ãêÍØ, La Divina Commedia)(1308~1320)ÀÇ ÀúÀÚ´Ù¿î Īȣ¶ö±î¿ä? ´ÜÅ×ÀÇ ´ëÇ¥ÀÛ ½Å°î(ãêÍØ, Divine Comedy)(1472)Àº Áß¼¼¸¦ ´ëÇ¥ÇÏ´Â ½Ã(ãÌ) ¹®ÇÐ(the most important poem of the Middle Ages)À̱â ÀÌÀü¿¡, ÀÌÅ»¸®¾Æ¾î·Î ¾²ÀÎ °¡Àå À§´ëÇÑ ¹®ÇÐ ÀÛǰ(the greatest literary work in the Italian language)À¸·Î ÀÌÅ»¸®¾ÆÀο¡°Ô ´õ´õ¿í Áß¿äÇÑ ÀÛǰÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ´ÜÅ× ÀÌÀü¿¡´Â ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ¹®ÇÐ ÀÛǰÀÌ ±Ø¼Ò¼öÀÇ ¿¤¸®Æ®¸¸ÀÌ ÀÐ°í ¾µ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´ø ¶óƾ¾î·Î ¾²´Â °ÍÀÌ °ü·Ê¿´À¸³ª, ´ÜÅ×´Â ¼­¸¥¿¡ ¿Ï¼ºÇÑ »õ·Î¿î »î(ãæßæ, Vita nuova)(1293~1295)°ú ½Å°î(ãêÍØ, La Divina Commedia)(1308~1320)À» ¡®ÀÌÅ»¸®¾ÆÀÇ Áö¹æ »çÅõ¸®¡¯¿¡ ºÒ°úÇÑ Å佺ī³ª¾î(Tuscan dialect)·Î ÁýÇÊÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. ´õ ³ª¾Æ°¡ Å׸£ÀÚ ¸®¸¶(the terza rima), Áï ABA BCB CDC DED ÆÐÅÏÀÌ ¹Ýº¹µÇ´Â 3Çà ¿îÀ² ü°è(the interlocking three-line rhyme scheme)¸¦ ÃÖÃÊ·Î »ç¿ëÇÑ ÀÛ°¡À̱⵵ ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

 

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¡°O human race, born to fly upward, wherefore at a little wind dost thou so fall?¡± "¿À, À§·Î ³¯¾Æ¿À¸£±â À§ÇØ Å¾ Àηù¿©, ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ¹Ù¶÷ÀÌ Á¶±Ý¸¸ ºÒ¾îµµ ´ç½ÅÀº ¾îµð·Î ¶³¾îÁú·±°¡?¡±

 

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¡°Through me you pass into the city of woe:

Through me you pass into eternal pain:

Through me among the people lost for aye.

Justice the founder of my fabric moved:

To rear me was the task of power divine,

Supremest wisdom, and primeval love.

Before me things create were none, save things

Eternal, and eternal I shall endure.

All hope abandon, ye who enter here.¡±

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