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Æò»ý ±âµ¶±³¸¦ ºñÆÇÇÑ À̽ŷÐÀÚ(×âãêÖåíº) : Ã¶ÇÐÀÚÀÌÀÚ »ç»ó°¡·Î½á º¼Å׸£´Â ´ç´ë À¯·´À» Áö¹èÇÑ ·Î¸¶ °¡Å縯 ±³È¸¸¦ ±Ø·ÄÇÏ°Ô ºñÆÇÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. ±³´ÜÀÇ ºÎÆÐ¿Í ¼ºÁ÷ÀÚÀÇ Å¸¶ôÀº ¹°·ÐÀÌ°Å´Ï¿Í ±³È¸¿Í ±¹°¡ ±Ç·ÂÀÇ ºÐ¸®(separation of church and state), °³½Å±³´Â ¹°·ÐÀÌ°Å´Ï¿Í À̽½¶÷±³ÀÇ ¹Ì´ö±îÁö ¾ð±ÞÇϸç Á¾±³ÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯(freedom of religion)¸¦ ÁÖÀåÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. À̸¦ º¸¿©ÁÖ´Â ´ëÇ¥ÀûÀÎ ÀÛǰÀÌ ¹Ù·Î Ä²µðµå ȤÀº ³«°üÁÖÀÇ(Candide, or Optimism)(1758)¿Í ·©Áö´Ï(L'Ingénu)(1767) °°Àº dzÀÚ¼Ò¼³ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ´Ü¼øÈ÷ ±âµ¶±³¸¦ ºñÆÇÇÏ´Â °Í¿¡ ±×Ä¡Áö ¾Ê°í, ±³´ÜÀÌ ´©¸íÀ» ¾º¿ö óÇüÇÑ Àå Ä®¶ó½º(Jean Calas)¸¦ ´ëº¯ÇØ ±×ÀÇ ¸í¿¹¸¦ ȸº¹ÇÑ Ä®¶ó½º »ç°Ç(The Calas affair)(1762)À» ÁÖµµÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. ´Ü º¼Å׸£´Â ±âµ¶±³¸¦ ¹èôÇ쵂 ½ÅÀÇ Á¸À縦 ¹Ï´Â À̽ŷÐÀÚ(×âãêÖåíº) ½Å¾ÓÀÎÀ¸·Î½á ½ÅÀÇ Á¸Àç ÀÚü¸¦ ºÎÁ¤ÇÏÁö´Â ¾Ê¾Ò½À´Ï´Ù. º¼Å׸£´Â ºñ´Ü Á¾±³ »Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, °¡Å縯 ÇÁ¶û½º ±ºÁÖÁ¦(the Catholic French monarchy)¸¦ ºñÆÇÇϰí ÀÔÇå ±ºÁÖÁ¦(a constitutional monarchy)¸¦ ÁÖÀåÇÏ´Â µî ´ç´ëÀÇ ±Ç·ÂÀÚ¿¡°Ô ¿µ ²¬²ô·¯¿î Á¸Àç¿´½À´Ï´Ù.

 

Æä¸£´Ï ¼º(Fernie Castle)(1759) : º¼Å׸£´Â Æò¹ÎÀ¸·Î žÀ¸³ª, »ýÀü¿¡ ÇÁ¶û½º¸¦ ³Ñ¾î ¼­À¯·´¿¡¼­ ºÎ¿Í ¸í¼ºÀ» µ¿½Ã¿¡ ¾òÀº »ó¾÷ ÀÛ°¡(one of the first authors to become renowned and commercially successful internationally)·Î½á ÀûÁö ¾ÊÀº ºÎ¸¦ ÃàÀûÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. Á¾±³¿Í ±Ç·Â¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ²÷ÀÓ¾ø´Â dzÀÚ¿Í ºñÆÇÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇØ ¼ö°¨ »ýȰ°ú ÇØ¿Ü Ãß¹æÀ» ÇÇÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø¾ú½À´Ï´Ù¸¸¡¦¡¦. ±×·± ¿ÍÁß¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸Çϰí, ´ëºÎ¾÷À» ºñ·ÔÇØ ÁÖ½Ä, º¹±Ç, ¹«¿ª µîÀÇ »ç¾÷ÀûÀÎ ¼º°ø°ú ºÎÀ¯ÇÑ ¿¬ÀΰúÀÇ ºÒ·û µîÀ¸·Î dzÁ·ÇÏ°Ô »ýȰÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. Æ¯È÷ ¿µ±¹À¸·Î Ãß¹æµÇ¾ú´Ù°¡ µ¹¾Æ¿Â º¼Å׸£´Â ÇÁ¶û½º ¼öÇÐÀÚ »þ¸¦ ¸¶¸® µå ¶ó ÄÜ´Ù¹Î(Charles Marie de La Condamine)ÀÇ Á¦¾ÈÀ¸·Î ÇÁ¶û½º Á¤ºÎ°¡ ¹ßÇàÇÑ º¹±Ç »ç¾÷¿¡ ÅõÀÚÇÏ¿´°í, ¹é¸¸ ¸®ºê¶ó(a million livres)ÀÇ ¼öÀÍÀ» ¿Ã¸° °ÍÀº ±×ÀÇ »ç¾÷Àû ¼ö¿ÏÀ» ¿³º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â À¯¸íÇÑ ÀÏÈ­ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. 1759³â º¼Å׸£´Â ½ºÀ§½º¿Í ÀÎÁ¢ÇÑ ÇÁ¶û½º Æä¸£´Ï¿¡ ÅäÁö¸¦ ±¸¸ÅÇß°í, Æä¸£´Ï ¼º(Fernie Castle)(1759)¿¡¼­ »ýÀ» ¸¶°¨ÇÒ ¶§±îÁö ¸Ó¹°·¶½À´Ï´Ù. ¡®Æä¸£´ÏÀÇ ¸í¸Á°¡¡¯·Î½á ±×´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÀúÅÿ¡¼­ Á¦ÀÓ½º º¸½ºÀ£(James Boswell), ¾Æ´ã ½º¹Ì½º(Adam Smith), Áö¾ÆÄÚ¸ð Ä«»ç³ë¹Ù(Giacomo Casanova), ±×¸®°í ¿¡µå¿öµå ±âº»(Edward Gibbon)°ú °°Àº ´ç´ëÀÇ À¯¸íÀεéÀ» Á¢´ëÇß°í, ±×ÀÇ ´ëÇ¥ÀÛ Áß ÇϳªÀΠöÇÐ »çÀü(Dictionceet philosique)(1752)À» ¿Ï¼ºÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. ±×°¡ Á¾±³ÀÇ Åº¾ÐÀ¸·Î ½º·¯Áø Ä®¶ó½º »ç°Ç(The Calas affair)(1762)¿¡ Àû±ØÀûÀ¸·Î Âü¿©ÇÑ °ÍÀº ÀÌ ½Ã±âÀÇ ÀÏÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

 

Ä®¶ó½º »ç°Ç(The Calas affair)(1762) : Ä®¶ó½º »ç°Ç(The Calas affair)(1762)Àº °¡Å縯°ú °³½Å±³ÀÇ ´ë¸³ÀÌ ±Ø¿¡ ´ÞÇÑ 18¼¼±â ÇÁ¶û½º Åø·çÁî(Toulouse)¿¡¼­ ÇÑ Ã»³âÀÇ Àڻ쿡¼­ ½ÃÀÛµÈ ²ûÂïÇÑ »ç°ÇÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±× û³âÀÇ À̸§ÀÌ Àå Ä®¶ó½º(Jean Calas)¿´±â ¶§¹®¿¡ Ä®¶ó½º »ç°Ç(The Calas affair)(1762)À̶ó°í ¸í¸íµÇ¾úÀ¸³ª, ½ÇÁ¦·Î´Â ¡®±âµ¶±³ ±³´ÜÀÇ Ã³Çü »ç°Ç¡¯À̶ó°í ÇØ¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Áý¾ÈÀÇ ¾ÆµéÀÌ Á×Àº °Í¸¸À¸·Îµµ ½½Ç ÀÏÀÏ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª °¡Å縯 ±³´ÜÀº °³½Å±³µµÀÎ Àå Ä®¶ó½º(Jean Calas)°¡ °¡Å縯À¸·Î °³Á¾ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» °¡Á·µéÀÌ ¹Ý´ëÇØ »ìÇØÇß´Ù´Â ´©¸íÀ» ¾º¿ü½À´Ï´Ù. ´ëÁß ¾Õ¿¡¼­ ±×ÀÇ °¡Á·µéÀ» ¹«ÂüÇÏ°Ô Ã³ÇüÇÔÀ¸·Î½á °¡Å縯 ±³´ÜÀÇ ±ÇÀ§¸¦ °ø°íÈ÷ ÇÏ·Á´Â ¼öÀÛ ÀÌ¿´À¸³ª¡¦¡¦. °Å¿­Çü(ó³Ö®úý)À» ¹ÞÀº Àå Ä®¶ó½º(Jean Calas)ÀÇ ¾Æ¹öÁö´Â ¼ö·¹¹ÙÄû¿¡ ¸Å´Þ·Á ¿Â¸öÀÌ Âõ±â´Â °íÅëÀ» °ÞÀ¸¸é¼­µµ, ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ Á˸¦ ¼ÓÁËÇϱâ´ÂÄ¿³ç(?!) Àڽſ¡°Ô ´©¸íÀ» ¾º¿î °ü°èÀÚµéÀ» ¿ë¼­ÇÏ´Â °ü¿ëÀ» º¸¿´½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª °á±¹ ±×´Â ¼ûÀ» °ÅµÎ¾ú°í ±×ÀÇ µÎ µþÀº °¡Å縯 ¼ö³à¿øÀ¸·Î °­Á¦ ¼ö¿ëµÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ´ç½ÃÀÇ »ç°ÇÀ» ¸ñµµÇÑ º¼Å׸£´Â Å« °¨¸íÀ» ¹Þ¾Ò°í, ÀÌ¿¡ Àç½ÉÀ» À§ÇÑ ¿©·Ð ¸ôÀÌ¿¡ ³ª¼¹½À´Ï´Ù. 3³âÀÌ È帥 1765³â¿¡¾ß ºñ·Î¼Ò Á×Àº Ä®¶ó½ºÀÇ ¹«ÁË¿Í º¹±ÇÀÌ ¼±°íµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù¸¸ ±×ÀÇ Á×À½À» »çÁÖÇÑ ±³´Ü°ú ÆÇ»ç´Â °ú¿¬ ¾î¶² ¹úÀ» ¹Þ¾ÒÀ»´ÂÁö? Ä®¶ó½º »ç°Ç(The Calas affair)(1762)Àº º¼Å׸£°¡ °ü¿ë(Traité sur la tolérance)(1763)À» ÁýÇÊÇÑ °è±â·Î, ±¹³»¿¡´Â ¡®°ü¿ë¡¯ È¤Àº ¡®°ü¿ë·Ð¡¯À¸·Î ¹ø¿ª Ãâ°£µÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù.

 

10ÇÁ¶û ÁöÆó(10 French Francs banknote)(1963~1973) : 1963³âºÎÅÍ 1973³â±îÁö ÇÁ¶û½º¿¡¼­ ¹ßÇàµÈ 10ÇÁ¶û ÁöÆó(10 French Francs banknote)ÀÇ ¾ÕµÞ¸é¿¡´Â °¢°¢ Æ¥¸£¸® ±ÃÀü(Palais des Tuileries)°ú ½Ã·¹ÀÌ ¼º(Chateau De Cirey)À» ¹è°æÀ¸·Î »õÇÏ¾á °¡¹ßÀ» ¾²°í Èò ±êÅÐ ÆæÀ» Áå º¼Å׸£°¡ »õ°ÜÁ® ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. º¼Å׸£´Â 1733³âºÎÅÍ 1740³â±îÁö ÇÁ¶û½º µ¿ºÏºÎ¿¡ À§Ä¡ÇÑ ½Ã·¹ÀÌ ¼º(Chateau De Cirey)¿¡ ¸Ó¹°·¶½À´Ï´Ù. ½Ã·¹ÀÌ ¼ºÀº ±¹°æ¿¡ °¡±î¿î ¿Ü°û Áö¿ªÀ¸·Î ÇÁ¶û½º Á¤ºÎÀÇ Ã¼Æ÷¸¦ ÇÇÇØ ´Þ¾Æ³ª±â ÁÁÀº À§Ä¡¿¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ´ç½Ã º¼Å׸£´Â À¯ºÎ³à ¿¡¹Ð¸® µÚ üƲ·¿(Marquise du Chätelet)°ú ºÒ·û °ü°è¿´°í, ±×°¡ °ü¸®ºñ¸¦ ºÎ´ãÇÏ´Â Á¶°ÇÀ¸·Î ±×³àÀÇ ³²ÆíÀÌ ¼ÒÀ¯ÇÑ ½Ã·¹ÀÌ ¼º(Chateau De Cirey)¿¡ ü·ùÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. µµÇÇ »ýȰÀÌ ±æ¾îÁö¸é¼­, º¼Å׸£´Â 2¸¸±Ç ÀÌ»óÀÇ Ã¥À» ¼öÁýÇÏ¿´À» »Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ´Ù¾çÇÑ °úÇнÇÇèÀ» ÇÏ´Â µî ¿¬±¸¿Í ÁýÇÊ È°µ¿À» À̾°¬½À´Ï´Ù.

 

¡°I have wanted to kill myself a hundred times, but somehow I am still in love with life. This ridiculous weakness is perhaps one of our more stupid melancholy propensities, for is there anything more stupid than to be eager to go on carrying a burden which one would gladly throw away, to loathe one¡¯s very being and yet to hold it fast, to fondle the snake that devours us until it has eaten our hearts away?¡± ¡°¼ö¹é ¹ø ÀÚ»ìÇÏ°í ½Í¾úÁö¸¸, ¾îÂî µÈ ÀÏÀÎÁö Àú´Â ¿©ÀüÈ÷ »îÀ» »ç¶ûÇϰí ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ ¿ì½º²Î½º·¯¿î ³ª¾àÇÔÀº ¾î¼¸é ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¾î¸®¼®°í ¿ì¿ïÇÑ ¿¹¾ðµé Áß ÇϳªÀÏ ¼öµµ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ´©±º°¡°¡ ±â²¨ÀÌ ¹ö¸± ÁüÀ» Áö°í, ÇÑ »ç¶÷ÀÇ Á¸À縦 Çø¿ÀÇϰí, ±×·³¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸ÇÏ°í ±×°ÍÀ» ²Ë ºÙÀâ°í, ±×°ÍÀÌ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¸¶À½À» °¦¾Æ¸ÔÀ» ¶§±îÁö ¿ì¸®¸¦ Áý¾î»ïŰ´Â ¹ìÀ» ¾ÖÁöÁßÁöÇÏ´Â °Íº¸´Ù ´õ ¾î¸®¼®Àº °ÍÀÌ ÀÖÀ»±î¿ä?¡±

 



 

-¸ñÂ÷(Index)-

ÇÁ·Ñ·Î±×(Prologue). Å׸¶¿©Çà½Å¹® TTN Korea ¿µ¾î°íÀü(English Classics) 101¼±À» Àоî¾ß Çϴ 7°¡Áö ÀÌÀ¯

13°¡Áö Ű¿öµå·Î Àд º¼Å׸£(Voltaire) by Á¶¸íÈ­ ÆíÁýÀå

01. ÇÁ¶û½ºÀÇ °è¸ùÁÖÀÇ Ã¶ÇÐÀÚ ÇÁ¶û¼ö¾Æ¸¶¸® ¾Æ·ç¿¡(François-Marie Arouet), ÇÊ¸í º¼Å׸£(Voltaire)(1694~1778)

02. Æò»ý ±âµ¶±³¸¦ ºñÆÇÇÑ À̽ŷÐÀÚ(×âãêÖåíº)

03. ½º¿þµ§°ú ÇÁ¶û½º ±ºÁÖÀÇ »îÀ» ±â·ÏÇÑ ¿ª»ç°¡(1731, 1751)

04. Æä¸£´Ï ¼º(Fernie Castle)(1759)

05. Ä®¶ó½º »ç°Ç(The Calas affair)(1762)

06. µ¥À̸ð½º(Deimos)ÀÇ º¼Å׸£ ºÐÈ­±¸(Voltaire crater)(1877) & ¼ÒÇ༺ 5676(asteroid 5676)(1986)

07. ¿¡ºí¸° º£¾ÆÆ®¸®Ã¼ Ȧ(Evelyn Beatrice Hall)ÀÇ º¼Å׸£ÀÇ Ä£±¸µé(The friends of Voltaire)(1906)

08. 10ÇÁ¶û ÁöÆó(10 French Francs banknote)(1963~1973)

09. º¼Å׸£ÀÇ Åº»ý 300Áֳ⠱â³ä(300th Anniversary of the birth of Voltaire) ÁÖÈ­(1994)

10. ÇÁ¶û½º2 °¡Àå À§´ëÇÑ ÇÁ¶û½ºÀÎ(The Greatest Frenchman) 33À§(2005)

11. º¼Å׸£(Voltaire)¸¦ ¸¸³ª´Â Àå¼Ò TOP8

12. ¿Àµð¿ÀºÏ(Audio Books)À¸·Î µè´Â º¼Å׸£(Voltaire)

13. º¼Å׸£(Voltaire) ¾î·Ï(Quotes)(30)

º¼Å׸£ÀÇ Ä²µðµå(Candide by Voltaire)(1759)

Introduction

I. How Candide was brought up in a Magnificent Castle, and how he was expelled thence

II. What became of Candide among the Bulgarians

III. How Candide made his escape from the Bulgarians, and what afterwards became of him

IV. How Candide found his old Master Pangloss, and what happened to them

V. Tempest, Shipwreck, Earthquake, and what became of Doctor Pangloss, Candide, and James the Anabaptist

VI. How the Portuguese made a Beautiful Auto-da-fé, to prevent any further Earthquakes: and how Candide was publicly whipped

VII. How the Old Woman took care of Candide, and how he found the Object he loved

VIII. The History of Cunegonde

IX. What became of Cunegonde, Candide, the Grand Inquisitor, and the Jew

X. In what distress Candide, Cunegonde, and the Old Woman arrived at Cadiz; and of their Embarkation

XI. History of the Old Woman

XII. The Adventures of the Old Woman continued

XIII. How Candide was forced away from his fair Cunegonde and the Old Woman

XIV. How Candide and Cacambo were received by the Jesuits of Paraguay

XV. How Candide killed the brother of his dear Cunegonde

XVI. Adventures of the Two Travellers, with Two Girls, Two Monkeys, and the Savages called Oreillons

XVII. Arrival of Candide and his Valet at El Dorado, and what they saw there

XVIII. What they saw in the Country of El Dorado

XIX. What happened to them at Surinam and how Candide got acquainted with Martin

XX. What happened at Sea to Candide and Martin

XXI. Candide and Martin, reasoning, draw near the Coast of France

XXII. What happened in France to Candide and Martin

XXIII. Candide and Martin touched upon the Coast of England, and what they saw there

XXIV. Of Paquette and Friar Giroflée

XXV. The Visit to Lord Pococurante, a Noble Venetian

XXVI. Of a Supper which Candide and Martin took with Six Strangers, and who they were

XXVII. Candide's Voyage to Constantinople

XXVIII. What happened to Candide, Cunegonde, Pangloss, Martin, etc

XXIX. How Candide found Cunegonde and the Old Woman again

XXX. The Conclusion

Footnotes:

ºÎ·Ï(Appendix). ¼¼°èÀÇ °íÀüÀ» ¿©ÇàÇÏ´Â È÷Ä¡ÇÏÀÌÄ¿¸¦ À§ÇÑ ¾È³»¼­(The Hitchhiker's Guide to Worlds¡¯s Classics)

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º¼Å׸£´Â 1704³âºÎÅÍ 1711³â±îÁö ¿¹¼öȸ°¡ ¿î¿µÇϴ ¸®¼¼ ·çÀ̸£±×¶û(Lycée Louis-le-Grand)¿¡¼­ ½ÅÇÐ(theology)À» ºñ·ÔÇØ ¶óƾ¾î(Latin)¿Í ¼ö»çÇÐ(rhetoric) µîÀ» °øºÎÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. º¼Å׸£´Â ·¹ÀüÆ®(Régent)¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Ç³Àڽ÷ΠÀÎÇÏ¿© 1717³â 5¿ù 16ÀϺÎÅÍ 1718³â 4¿ù 15ÀϱîÁö, ¾à 11°³¿ù°£ ¹Ù½ºÆ¼À¯ °¨¿Á(Bastille Prison)¿¡ ¡®ÃÖÃÊ¡¯·Î Åõ¿ÁµÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. º¼Å׸£´Â â¹®Á¶Â÷ ¾ø´Â °¨¹æ¿¡¼­ ±ÛÀ» ½è°í, ÀÌÈÄ Ãâ°£µÈ ±×ÀÇ µ¥ºßÀÛ ¿ÀÀ̵ðǪ½º(¨«dipe)(1718)°¡ ´ëÁßÀûÀ¸·Î ÈïÇàÇϸ鼭 ÀÛ°¡·Î½á À̸§À» ¾Ë¸®±â ½ÃÀÛÇß½À´Ï´Ù. ÀþÀº ½ÃÀý ºñ±Ø(Ýèм) ¿ÀÀ̵ðǪ½º(¨«dipe)(1718)¸¦ ½ÃÀÛÀ¸·Î ¼­»ç½Ã(ßóÞÀãÌ), Ã¶ÇÐ, ¿ª»ç¼­, ¿ìÈ­, ¼öÇÊ µî ºÐ¾ß¸¦ ¸··ÐÇÏ°í ½¢ÇÑ ÀÛǰÀ» ÁýÇÊÇÏ¸ç ¿Õ¼ºÇÏ°Ô È°µ¿ÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. ÇÁ¶û½º ÆÄ¸®¿¡¼­ ÃâÆÇÀÌ ¾î·Á¿î ÀÛǰÀ» ºñ¹Ð¸®¿¡ Ãâ°£Çϱâ À§ÇØ º§±â¿¡ ºê·ò¼¿(Bruxelles), ³×´ú¶õµå ÇìÀ̱×(The Hague), ÇÁ¶û½º ·ç¾Ó(Rouen) µîÀ» Á÷Á¢ ¹ß·Î ´©ºñ¸ç ÃâÆÇ¾÷ÀÚ¿Í ¸¸³µ°í, ÀÌ ´öºÐ¿¡ ±×ÀÇ ¸í¼ºÀÌ Á¾±³¿Í »ç»óÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ »ó´ëÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÚÀ¯·Î¿î ¡®ÇÁ¶û½º ¹Û¡¯¿¡¼­ ¸ÕÀú ¾Ë·ÁÁú ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ¾Æ¸£Å׹̸£(Artémire)(1720), ¸¶¸®¾Ï³×(Mariamne)(1725) µî ¸î¸î Èñ°îÀÇ ÀÕµû¸¥ ½ÇÆÐ¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸Çϰí, ±×ÀÇ ÀÛ°¡·Î½áÀÇ ¸í¼ºÀº ÇÁ¶û½º¸¦ ³Ñ¾î À¯·´ Àü¿ªÀ» µÚÈçµé¾ú°í, °¡È÷ ¡®º¼Å׸£ÀÇ ½Ã´ë¡¯¶ó ºÒ¸®´Â Àü¼º±â¸¦ ±¸°¡Çß½À´Ï´Ù. ¸í¿¹ ¸øÁö¾ÊÀº ºÎ´Â ±âº»!

 

¡°It is dangerous to be right in matters on which the established authorities are wrong.¡± "±âµæ±ÇÃþÀÌ À߸øµÈ ¹®Á¦¿¡ À־ ¿ÇÀº °ÍÀº À§ÇèÇÕ´Ï´Ù.¡±

 

1726³â ±ÍÁ· ü¹ß¸®¾î µå ·ÎÇÑÂ÷º¿(chevalier de Rohan-Chabot)Àº º¼Å׸£¸¦ Á¶·ÕÇÏ´Ù ¸øÇØ Æø·Â¹è±îÁö µ¿¿øÇØ ±×¸¦ °Ì¹ÚÇÏ¿´°í, ±Þ±â¾ß º¼Å׸£¸¦ ÀçÆÇÁ¶Â÷ ¾øÀÌ ¹Ù½ºÆ¼À¯ °¨¿Á(Bastille Prison)¿¡ ó³Ö¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ±ÍÁ·ÀÇ ºÎ´çÇÑ È¾Æ÷¿¡ Á÷¸éÇÑ º¼Å׸£´Â Æò»ý °¤ÇôÀÖÀ» °ÍÀ» µÎ·Á¿öÇØ ¿µ±¹À¸·ÎÀÇ ¸Á¸íÀ» ź¿øÇß°í, °á±¹ Ä®·¹¸¦ °ÅÃÄ ¿µ±¹À¸·Î Ãß¹æµÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ´ç½ÃÀÇ °æÇèÀº º¼Å׸£°¡ ¡®ºÎ´çÇÑ ±Ç·Â¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ºÐ³ë¡¯¸¦ ÀÚ°¢ÇÏ°Ô ÇÑ Áß¿äÇÑ »ç°ÇÀÌ µÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ¿µ±¹¿¡¼­ Ȱµ¿Çϸç, ÇÁ¶û½º ±ºÁÖÁ¦¿Í »ó¹ÝµÈ ¿µ±¹ÀÇ ÀÔÇ屺ÁÖÁ¦¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¾Ë°Ô µÇ¾ú°í ÀÌ´Â ±×ÀÇ Á¤Ä¡°ü¿¡ Áö´ëÇÑ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÃÆ½À´Ï´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ÀÛ°¡¶ó´Â ½ÅºÐ ´öºÐ¿¡ ¾Ë·º»ê´õ Æ÷ÇÁ(Alexander Pope), Á¸ °ÔÀÌ(John Gay), Á¶³ª´Ü ½ºÀ§ÇÁÆ®(Jonathan Swift), ¸Þ¸® ¿öƲ¸® ¸óŸ±¸(Lady Mary Wortley Montagu), »ç¶ó(Sarah), ¸»¹ö·¯ °øÀÛºÎÀÎ(Duchess of Marlborough) µî ¿µ±¹ »ó·ùÃþ°ú ±³·ùÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú°í ÀÌ¿¡ ÀÚ±Ø¹Þ¾Æ ¿µ¾î·Î ÁýÇÊÇÑ Ã¥À» Ãâ°£Çϱ⵵ ÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù.

 

¡°Those who can make you believe absurdities, can make you commit atrocities.¡± "ºÎÁ¶¸®¸¦ ¹Ï°Ô ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷Àº ÀÜÇÐÇàÀ§¸¦ ÀúÁö¸£°Ô ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.¡±

 

´Ù½Ã ÇÁ¶û½º·Î ±Í±¹ÇÑ º¼Å׸£´Â ¿µ±¹¿¡ ¸Á¸íÇÒ ´ç½ÃÀÇ °æÇèÀ» ¹ÙÅÁÀ¸·Î ¿µ±¹ÀÇ ÀÔÇ屺ÁÖÁ¦¿Í Á¾±³°ü, ¹®ÇÐ, °úÇÐ µî¿¡ °üÇØ È£ÀÇÀûÀÎ ¿¡¼¼ÀÌ Letters Concerning the English Nation(1733)À» Ãâ°£ÇÏ¿´°í, ÀÌ´Â ÇÁ¶û½º Á¤ºÎ·ÎºÎÅÍ Áï°¢ÀûÀ¸·Î ź¾ÐÀ» ¹Þ¾Æ ¶Ç ´Ù½Ã ¸Á¸í±æ¿¡ ¿Ã¶ó¾ß Çß½À´Ï´Ù. º¼Å׸£´Â 1733³âºÎÅÍ 1740³â±îÁö ÇÁ¶û½º µ¿ºÏºÎ¿¡ À§Ä¡ÇÑ ½Ã·¹ÀÌ ¼º(Chateau De Cirey)¿¡ ¸Ó¹°·¶½À´Ï´Ù. ½Ã·¹ÀÌ ¼ºÀº ±¹°æ¿¡ °¡±î¿î ¿Ü°û Áö¿ªÀ¸·Î ÇÁ¶û½º Á¤ºÎÀÇ Ã¼Æ÷¸¦ ÇÇÇØ ´Þ¾Æ³ª±â ÁÁÀº À§Ä¡¿¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ´ç½Ã º¼Å׸£´Â À¯ºÎ³à ¿¡¹Ð¸® µÚ üƲ·¿(Marquise du Chätelet)°ú ºÒ·û °ü°è¿´°í, ±×°¡ °ü¸®ºñ¸¦ ºÎ´ãÇÏ´Â Á¶°ÇÀ¸·Î ±×³àÀÇ ³²ÆíÀÌ ¼ÒÀ¯ÇÑ ½Ã·¹ÀÌ ¼º(Chateau De Cirey)¿¡ ü·ùÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. µµÇÇ »ýȰÀÌ ±æ¾îÁö¸é¼­, º¼Å׸£´Â 2¸¸±Ç ÀÌ»óÀÇ Ã¥À» ¼öÁýÇÏ¿´À» »Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ´Ù¾çÇÑ °úÇнÇÇèÀ» ÇÏ´Â µî ¿¬±¸¿Í ÁýÇÊ È°µ¿À» À̾°¬½À´Ï´Ù.

 

¡°I don¡¯t know where I am going, but I am on my way.¡± "¾îµð·Î °¡´ÂÁö ¸ð¸£Áö¸¸, Áö±Ý °¡´Â ÁßÀÌ¿¡¿ä.¡±

 

1750³â¿¡´Â ±×ÀÇ ¿­·ÄÇÑ ÆÒÀ» ÀÚóÇÑ ÇÁ¸®µå¸®È÷ ´ë¿Õ(Frederick the Great)ÀÇ ÃÊûÀ¸·Î ÇÁ·¯½Ã¾Æ(Prussia)·Î ÀÌÁÖÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. °ø·ÎÈÆÀå(the Order of Merit)°ú ¿¬°£ 2¸¸ ¸®ºê·¹(20,000 French livres)ÀÇ ¿¬ºÀÀ» º¸Àå¹ÞÀ¸¸ç, ÀÛǰ Ȱµ¿¿¡ ¸ôµÎÇÏ¿´À¸³ª ±ÝÀ¶ÀÎ ¾Æºê¶óÇÔ Çã¼È(Abraham Hirschel)°úÀÇ »ç±â »ç°Ç, °úÇÐÀÚ ¸¶¿ìÆÛÅõÀ̽º(Maupertuis)¿ÍÀÇ ³íÀï µîÀ¸·Î ÇÁ·¯½Ã¾Æ »ýȰÀº ¸·À» ³»·È½À´Ï´Ù.

 

¡°‎Life is a shipwreck, but we must not forget to sing in the lifeboats.¡± "ÀλýÀº ³­ÆÄ¼±ÀÌÁö¸¸ ±¸¸íº¸Æ®¿¡¼­ ³ë·¡ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» Àؾ´Â ¾È µË´Ï´Ù.¡±

 

1759³â º¼Å׸£´Â ½ºÀ§½º¿Í ÀÎÁ¢ÇÑ ÇÁ¶û½º Æä¸£´Ï¿¡ ÅäÁö¸¦ ±¸¸ÅÇß°í, Æä¸£´Ï ¼º(Fernie Castle)(1759)¿¡¼­ »ýÀ» ¸¶°¨ÇÒ ¶§±îÁö ¸Ó¹°·¶½À´Ï´Ù. ¡®Æä¸£´ÏÀÇ ¸í¸Á°¡¡¯·Î½á ±×´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÀúÅÿ¡¼­ Á¦ÀÓ½º º¸½ºÀ£(James Boswell), ¾Æ´ã ½º¹Ì½º(Adam Smith), Áö¾ÆÄÚ¸ð Ä«»ç³ë¹Ù(Giacomo Casanova), ±×¸®°í ¿¡µå¿öµå ±âº»(Edward Gibbon)°ú °°Àº ´ç´ëÀÇ À¯¸íÀεéÀ» Á¢´ëÇß°í, ±×ÀÇ ´ëÇ¥ÀÛ Áß ÇϳªÀΠöÇÐ »çÀü(Dictionceet philosique)(1752)À» ¿Ï¼ºÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. ±×°¡ Á¾±³ÀÇ Åº¾ÐÀ¸·Î ½º·¯Áø Ä®¶ó½º »ç°Ç(The Calas affair)(1762)¿¡ Àû±ØÀûÀ¸·Î Âü¿©ÇÑ °ÍÀº ÀÌ ½Ã±âÀÇ ÀÏÀÔ´Ï´Ù. º¼Å׸£°¡ ¼ûÀ» °ÅµÐ ½ºÀ§½º¿Í ÀÎÁ¢ÇÑ ÇÁ¶û½ºÀÇ ¼Òµµ½Ã Æä¸£´Ï´Â ÇöÀç ÆäÈå³×-º¼¶¼Èå(Ferney-Voltaire)¶ó°í ¸í¸íµÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù.

 

¡°Cherish those who seek the truth but beware of those who find it.¡± "Áø½ÇÀ» ã´Â »ç¶÷Àº ¼ÒÁßÈ÷ ¿©±âµÇ Áø¸®¸¦ ã´Â »ç¶÷Àº Á¶½ÉÇϽʽÿÀ.¡±

 

1778³â 25³â ¸¸¿¡ °í·ÉÀÇ ³ªÀ̷Π5Àϰ£ ÆÄ¸®¸¦ ´Ù³à¿Â ÈÄ º´ÀÌ ³µ°í, °°Àº ÇØ 5¿ù 30ÀÏ ¼ûÀ» °ÅµÎ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. Æò»ý ±âµ¶±³¸¦ ºñÆÇÇÏ¿´´Ù´Â ÀÌÀ¯·Î, ÆÄ¸®ÀÇ ±³È¸¿Í ¹¦Áö¿¡¼­´Â ±×ÀÇ ¸ÅÀåÀ» °ÅºÎÇÏ¿´±â¿¡ ±×ÀÇ ÁöÀεéÀº ±×ÀÇ ½Ã½ÅÀ» Abbaye Saint-Pierre d'Hautvillers¿¡ ¸ô·¡ ¹¯¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. 13³âÀÌ È帥 1791³â, ±×ÀÇ ½Ã½ÅÀº ¹é¸¸ ¸íÀÌ Âü¼®ÇÑ °¡¿îµ¥ ÇÁ¶û½º ÃÖ°íÀÇ ¿µ¿¹ÀΠÆÎÅ׿Ë(Panthéon)À¸·Î ÀÌÀåµÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. µÚ´Ê°Ô³ª¸¶ ¡®ÇÁ¶û½º ÀüÁ¦Á¤±ÇÀÇ ¹ÝÇ׾ơ¯°¡ ¾Æ´Ñ ÇÁ¶û½º Çõ¸íÀÇ ¼±±¸ÀÚ(a forerunner of the French Revolution)·Î ÀÎÁ¤¹ÞÀº ¼ÀÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

 

¡°Now, now my good man, this is no time to be making enemies." ¡°ÀÌÁ¦ ³ªÀÇ ¼±ÇÑ ÀÚ¿©, Áö±ÝÀº ÀûÀ» ¸¸µé ¶§°¡ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù."

 




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